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Industry Overview
The vegetable oil industry has evolved significantly from primitive seed mills and presses to mechanized extraction systems. The introduction of hydraulic presses in the late 18th century was followed by the development of more efficient screw presses or expellers. Industrial oil and fat processing also advanced through chemical refining, including the use of caustic soda for removing free fatty acids, deodorization by steam treatment, and hydrogenation for producing fats with different consistencies.
Vegetable oils are commonly classified according to iodine value as drying, semi-drying, and non-drying oils. Edible oils require good keeping quality, although oxidation and other factors can cause deterioration during storage. Important vegetable oils include soybean, groundnut, mustard, cottonseed, sunflower, sesame, coconut, palm, olive, linseed, castor, and rice bran oils.
India is a major oilseed-producing country and produces a wide variety of oilseeds that support the oilseed crushing industry. Soybean is an important raw material for edible oil production, with processing involving operations such as cleaning, dehulling, flaking, expansion, extraction, refining, and recovery of valuable coproducts. Soybean processing also generates products such as soybean meal, lecithin, and other materials used in food and animal feed applications.
Cost Estimation
| Plant Capacity | 300.00 MT./day |
|---|---|
| Land & Building (12000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 6.70 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 3.00 Cr |
| Working Capital for 12 Month | Rs. 19.48 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 29.69 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 57% |
| Break Even Point | 30% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- USES AND APPLICATIONS
- PROPERTIES
- COMPOSITION OF SOYBEANS
- TABLE 1. TYPICAL COMPOSITION (WT%.) OF SOYBEANS (DRY WEIGHT BASIS).
- TABLE 2. TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF CRUDE SOYBEAN OIL.
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- MARKET OVERVIEW OF EDIBLE OIL IN INDIA
- MARKET OVERVIEW
- TABLE: PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF EDIBLE OIL
- TABLE: KEY MARKET METRICS:
- FIGURE: PRODUCTION TREND OF DOMESTIC EDIBLE OIL
- FIG: INDIAN EDIBLE OILS PRODUCTION, IMPORT AND CONSUMPTION
- COMPANY PROFILES
- INDIA’S 4 ZONES FOR CONSUMPTION PATTERN
- ZONE WISE CONSUMPTION PATTERN (2014/15)
- ZONE WISE CONSUMPTION PATTERN (2014/15)
- CATEGORY-WISE CONSUMPTION OF EDIBLE OILS IN OHC
- INDIA’S KHARIF & RABI OILSEEDS PRODUCTION DURING 2015/16 AND ESTIMATE FOR 2016/17
- DOMESTIC EDIBLE OILS PRODUCTION DURING 2015/16 AND FOR 2016/17
- CONSUMPTION OF EDIBLE OILS DURING 2015/16 AND FOR 2016/17
- EDIBLE OIL S/D FOR 2015/16 AND FOR 2016/17
- IMPORT BREAK-UP FOR 2016/17 AND 2015/16
- IMPORT DURING 2011/12 TO 2015/16
- IMPORT GROWTH IN 5 YEARS
- CONSUMPTION OF OIL TYPES ACROSS DEMAND SECTORS
- OIL CONSUMPTION TREND ACROSS INDIAN STATES
- LIST OF CUSTOMERS FOR SOYBEAN OIL
- SOYABEAN OIL PRODUCTION METHODS
- SOYBEAN OIL PRODUCTION PROCESS
- ADVANTAGES OF EXPANDER -EXTRUDER - COOKER
- SOYABEAN OIL EXTRACTION
- CLEANING OF SOYBEANS
- EXTRACTION OF SOYBEAN OIL
- PURIFICATION OF SOYBEAN OIL
- HYDROGENATION OF SOYBEAN OIL (OPTIONAL)
- SEQUENCES IN SOYABEAN OIL EXTRACTION
- PREPARATION AND DEHULLING
- EXTRACTION
- DESOLVENTIZING
- OIL REFINING AND PROCESSING
- DETAILS OF SOYABEAN OIL EXTRACTION & REFINING
- STRUCTURE OF OIL BODY (WASCHATKO ET AL., 2012)
- MECHANICAL EXTRUDING-EXPELLING PROCESS
- HEXANE EXTRACTION
- TABLE: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF N-HEXANE AND EXTRACTION HEXANE (NFPA-36 STANDARD, 2009)
- SCHEMATIC FLOW OF OIL SOLVENT EXTRACTION
- ENZYMATIC ASSISTED AQUEOUS EXTRACTION (EAEP)
- SCHEMATIC FLOW OF ENZYMATIC ASSISTED AQUEOUS EXTRACTION PROCESS
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF SOYABEAN OIL EXTRACTION & REFINING
- RECOVERY OF OIL FROM SOYBEANS
- FIGURE 1. PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR SCREW PRESSING SOYBEANS.
- FIGURE 2. PHOTOGRAPH INSIDE A MODERN SOYBEAN SCREW-PRESS PLANT
- FIGURE 3. PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR DIRECT SOLVENT-EXTRACTING SOYBEANS.
- FIGURE 4. DEPICTION OF EQUIPMENT AND PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR DIRECT SOLVENT-EXTRACTING SOYBEANS
- FIGURE 5. PHOTOGRAPH INSIDE A MODERN DIRECT SOLVENT-EXTRACTION PLANT PROCESSING SOY
- FIGURE 6. PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR EXTRUDING-EXPELLING SOYBEANS
- FIGURE 7. PHOTOGRAPH INSIDE A MODERN EXTRUDING-EXPELLING PLANT PROCESSING SOYBEANS.
- QUALITIES OF SOYBEAN OILS AND MEALS EXTRACTED BY DIFFERENT METHODS
- TABLE 1. QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SOYBEAN MEALS PRODUCED BY DIFFERENT OIL-EXTRACTION PROCESSES.
- TABLE 2. QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SOYBEAN OILS RECOVERED BY DIFFERENT PROCESSES.
- BASIC PROCESSING OPERATIONS
- DEGUMMING
- FIGURE 8. DIAGRAM OF CONVENTIONAL SOYBEAN OIL REFINING.
- DEGUMMING SEPARATOR
- NEUTRALIZATION
- NEUTRALIZATION SEPARATOR
- BLEACHING
- BLEACHING STEP
- TABLE 3. EFFECT OF PROCESSING ON CONTENT OF TOCOPHEROLS, STEROLS, AND SQUALENE
- IN SOYBEAN OIL.
- HYDROGENATION
- DEODORIZATION
- DEODORIZATION STEP
- TABLE 4. EFFECT OF PROCESSING STEPS ON QUALITY OF SOYBEAN OIL
- FRACTIONATION AND WINTERIZATION
- WINTERIZATION FILTERS
- FLOW SHEET OF SOYBEAN OIL PRODUCTION
- ALTERNATIVE REFINING METHODS
- ALTERNATIVE REFINING METHODS
- COPRODUCTS AND UTILIZATION
- LECITHIN
- TABLE 5. COMPOSITION OF COMMERCIAL SOY LECITHIN IN COMPARISON WITH EGG LECITHIN, WT %
- TABLE 6. TYPICAL COMPOSITION (%) OF COMMERCIALLY REFINED SOY LECITHIN PRODUCTS.
- DEODORIZER DISTILLATE
- SOAPSTOCK
- CONFECTIONERY AND IMITATION DAIRY PRODUCTS, AND LOW-CALORIE FAT SUBSTITUTES
- PRIMARY SOYBEAN PRODUCTS FOR ANIMAL FEEDING
- FIG. 1. PROCESSING OF SOYBEANS INTO SOYBEAN PRODUCTS
- FULL-FAT SOYBEANS
- SOYBEAN MEAL
- SOYBEAN PROTEIN CONCENTRATE (SPC)
- SOYBEAN OIL
- TABLE 1A. COMPARATIVE AMINO ACID COMPOSITION (G/KG PROTEIN BASIS) OF SOYBEAN MEAL WITH PALM KERNEL MEAL AND MAIZE.
- TABLE 2A. COMPARISON OF DIGESTIBILITY AND METABOLISABLE ENERGY VALUES OF TRIGLYCERIDES IN BROILER CHICKENS FED SOYBEAN OIL AND SELECTED DIETARY FATS/OILS.
- TABLE 2B. COMPARISON OF FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SOYBEAN OIL WITH SELECTED DIETARY FATS/OILS (G/KTOTAL FATTY ACIDS)
- CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMMONLY USED SOYBEAN PRODUCTS IN ANIMAL DIETS
- TABLE 3. PER CENT COMPOSITION OF SOME SOYBEAN PRODUCTS USED IN ANIMAL FEED.
- ANTI-NUTRITIVE FACTORS
- TABLE 4. ANTI-NUTRITIVE FACTORS IN SOYBEANS.
- UTILISATION OF SOYBEAN IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION
- TABLE 5A. UTILISATION OF SOYBEAN MEAL BY LIVESTOCK IN THE UNITED STATES
- TABLE 5B. SOYBEAN MEAL USED IN TYPES OF ANIMAL COMPOUND FEED IN THE EUROPEAN UNION.
- TABLE 5C. SOYBEAN ACREAGE NEEDED FOR LIVESTOCK CONSUMPTION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN.
- FUTURE CHALLENGES OF SOYBEAN UTILISATION IN ANIMAL DIETS
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SOYA BEAN OIL
- FLAKING
- EXPANSION
- DRYING - COOLING
- SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF EDIBLE OIL
- BY PRODUCTS OF REFINING
- BY PRODUCTS RECOVERY
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF CATTLE FEED
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR CATTLE FEED
- SWOT ANALYSIS OF SOYA PROCESSING INDUSTRY
- STRENGTH
- WEAKNESS
- OPPARTUNITIES
- THREAT
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
- OIL EXPELLER
- FILTER PRESS
- BABY BOILER
- OIL STORAGE TANK
- OIL PACKAGING MACHINE
- BAG STITCHING MACHINE
- DIGITAL WEIGHING SCALE
- LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- TIN CONTAINERS
Appendix
- APPENDIX – A:
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
Soybean oil production involves preparing soybeans, extracting the oil, and refining the recovered oil. Depending on the selected technology, the process can include cleaning, dehulling, flaking, expansion, mechanical pressing or solvent extraction, followed by refining operations such as degumming, neutralization, bleaching, and deodorization. The report also covers alternative extraction technologies and recovery of coproducts, including soybean meal and lecithin, which can contribute to overall process utilization.
The main soybean oil extraction approaches include mechanical pressing, solvent extraction, and extruding-expelling processes. Mechanical screw pressing uses pressure to recover oil from prepared soybeans, while solvent extraction uses a suitable solvent to obtain a higher proportion of recoverable oil from the prepared material. Extruding-expelling combines thermal and mechanical treatment before pressing. The appropriate method depends on plant scale, raw-material characteristics, product requirements, process integration, and the desired treatment of the resulting meal.
Soybean oil refining commonly includes degumming, neutralization, bleaching, and deodorization. Degumming removes phospholipid and other gum-forming materials, while neutralization is used to reduce free fatty acids and associated impurities. Bleaching helps remove pigments and certain remaining impurities through adsorbent treatment. Deodorization uses controlled heat and stripping conditions to remove volatile compounds responsible for undesirable odors and flavors. Additional operations such as hydrogenation, fractionation, or winterization may be applied where required by the intended product specification.
Soybean oil is primarily used as an edible vegetable oil and can also serve as an ingredient in various food applications. Soybean processing produces valuable coproducts, particularly soybean meal, which is widely used in animal feeding because of its protein content. Other coproducts discussed in the report include lecithin, deodorizer distillate, and soapstock. The utilization of these materials can improve overall resource efficiency by creating additional product streams from the soybean oil processing operation.
Soybean meal is an important coproduct because it provides a protein-rich material for animal feed applications. Its composition and nutritional characteristics depend on the soybean variety and processing method used for oil recovery. The report examines soybean meal produced through different extraction processes and discusses its utilization in livestock and compound feed. Proper processing is important because soybean contains naturally occurring anti-nutritive factors that can affect feed value, making appropriate treatment an important consideration in the production of feed-grade soybean products.
Equipment requirements depend on the selected extraction and refining technology, but a soybean oil plant may include oil preparation and extraction equipment, presses or extraction systems, filtration equipment, storage tanks, refining equipment, packaging machinery, and laboratory equipment. The report specifically includes oil expellers, filter presses, boilers, oil storage tanks, oil packaging machines, bag stitching machines, digital weighing scales, and laboratory equipment. Process-specific machinery may also be required for cleaning, flaking, expansion, solvent extraction, and refining.
Soybean oil quality is influenced by raw-material condition, extraction technology, refining conditions, storage, and exposure to oxygen, heat, and other deterioration factors. The report discusses quality characteristics associated with different extraction and processing methods, as well as changes resulting from refining operations. Effective purification and controlled processing help produce oil with suitable physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics. Proper storage is also important because oxidation is a major cause of deterioration in edible oils and can reduce keeping quality over time.
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