Industry Overview
Solar inverters are essential components of solar power systems, converting Direct Current (DC) electricity generated by solar panels into Alternating Current (AC) power suitable for electrical loads and grid use. Among the major inverter categories, string inverters are widely used in residential and commercial solar installations because of their design flexibility, robustness, efficiency, relatively low cost, and remote monitoring capabilities. They are generally installed as standalone units near the electrical meter, with solar panels connected systematically in strings.
String inverters offer advantages such as easy troubleshooting, comparatively low installation costs, and reduced wiring complexity. However, they have limitations including the absence of panel-level monitoring and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), reduced performance under partial shading, high operating voltage requirements, system expansion challenges, and specific shutdown and monitoring considerations. Their suitability is particularly strong for roofs with uniform pitch, favorable orientation, and minimal shading. String inverters are also commonly compared with microinverters, which provide panel-level control but generally involve higher installation costs. The report covers solar inverter technology, components, manufacturing processes, PCB construction, quality testing, certification, market position, plant layout, and supplier requirements.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 666.67 Nos/Day |
| Land & Building (2000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 2.70 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 6.98 Cr |
| Working Capital for 2 Months | Rs. 554 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 564 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 283% |
| Break Even Point | 5% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- WHAT IS AN INVERTER?
- SOLAR INVERTERS
- WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A SOLAR INVERTER
- COMPONENTS OF A SOLAR INVERTER
- SOLAR INVERTER ADVANTAGES:
- SOLAR INVERTER DISADVANTAGES:
- TYPES OF SOLAR INVERTERS –
- 1. STRING INVERTERS
- STRING INVERTERS
- STRING INVERTER ADVANTAGES
- STRING INVERTER DISADVANTAGES
- 2. CENTRAL INVERTERS
- CENTRAL INVERTERS
- ADVANTAGES OF A CENTRAL INVERTER
- DISADVANTAGES OF A CENTRAL INVERTER
- 3. MICROINVERTERS
- ADVANTAGES OF MICRO INVERTERS
- DISADVANTAGES OF MICRO INVERTERS
- COMPONENTS OF A SOLAR INVERTER
- IGBT
- MOSFET
- CAPACITOR
- RESISTOR
- IC CD4047
- USES AND APPLICATIONS
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- PROCESS FLOW CHART
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS
- PCB DESIGNING
- PCB STANDS FOR PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD. IT IS OF TWO TYPES:
- PCB CONSTRUCTION
- 1. LAYOUT DESIGNING
- 2. TRANSFER OF PATTERN
- 3. ETCHING
- 4. TINNING
- 5. DRILLING
- 6. SOLDERING
- 7. SURFACE CLEANING
- QUALITY CONTROL
- SOLAR INVERTER QUALITY TESTING
- INGRESS PROTECTION (IP) TESTING
- BUILT QUALITY CHECK
- HOT SPOTS AND TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION
- FUNCTIONS TEST
- TEST PROCEDURES AND CRITERIA
- GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
- (1) INVERTER DC INPUT POWER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS
- DC INPUT CHARACTERIZATION
- MAXIMUM POWER POINT VOLTAGE TRACKING RANGE
- TEST PROCEDURE
- REPORTED VALUES
- MAXIMUM POWER POINT CURRENT TRACKING RANGE
- TEST PROCEDURE
- REPORTED VALUES
- (2) INVERTER AC OUTPUT (SIMULATED UTILITY) POWER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS
- MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS OUTPUT POWER
- TEST PROCEDURE
- REPORTED VALUES
- (3) MPPT STEADY STATE RESPONSE TEST
- WHERE
- MPPT TEST PROCEDURE
- MPPT DYNAMIC RESPONSE TEST:
- (4) INVERTER PERFORMANCE FACTOR/INVERTER YIELD
- TEST PROCEDURE
- PROCESS OF TESTING AND CERTIFICATION
- SERIES GUIDELINES
- DOCUMENTATION
- THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION SHOULD ALSO BE PROVIDED WITH THE SAMPLES;
- MARKING:
- GUIDELINES FOR QUANTITATIVE SELECTION OF SAMPLES
- RETESTING GUIDELINES FOR ANY TEST FAILURES:
- PASS CRITERIA
- MARKET POSITION
- SOLAR INVERTER COMPANIES FACING STRONG DOWNWARD PRICING TRENDS:
- WHAT ARE YOUR EXPECTATIONS FOR THE INDIAN SOLAR INVERTER MARKET IN 2020?
- HOW DO YOU FORESEE COMPETITION GOING FORWARD IN THE INDIAN MARKET?
- WHAT ABOUT BIS STANDARDS CERTIFICATION?
- WHAT TRENDS DO YOU SEE WHEN IT COMES TO CENTRAL INVERTERS AND STRING INVERTERS FOR GROUND-MOUNTED PROJECTS?
- WHAT ARE SOME OF THE CHALLENGES IN THE INDIAN SOLAR INVERTER MARKET?
- WHAT ARE YOUR PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATORS?
- ANY OTHER COMMENTS?
- INDIA SOLAR POWER EQUIPMENT MARKET OVERVIEW
- INDIA SOLAR POWER EQUIPMENT MARKET SEGMENT INSIGHTS
- INDIA SOLAR POWER EQUIPMENT MARKET REGIONAL INSIGHTS
- INDIA SOLAR POWER EQUIPMENT MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
- PLANT LAYOUT
- SUPPLIERS OF SOLAR STRING INVERTER
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- SUPPLIERS OF PCB
- SUPPLIERS OF TRANSISTERS
- SUPPLIERS OF DIODES
- SUPPLIERS OF RESISTOR
- SUPPLIERS OF CAPACITOR
- SUPPLIERS OF MOSFET
- SUPPLIERS OF INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
- SUPPLIERS OF POWER CORD
- SUPPLIERS OF BUZZERS
- SUPPLIERS OF JUMPRE WIRE
- SUPPLIERS OF MPPT UNIT
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
- SUPPLIERS OF INVERTER ASSEMBLY LINE
- SUPPLIERS OF PRECISION MEASURING TOOLS
- SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF DG SETS
- SUPPLIERS OF EOT CRANES
- SUPPLIERS OF POWER TRANSFORMERS
- SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRICAL PANEL
- SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRIC MOTOR
- SUPPLIERS OF COOLING TOWER
- SUPPLIERS OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF AIR COMPRESSORS
- SUPPLIERS OF PLATFORM WEIGHING MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF JIGS AND FIXTURE
- SUPPLIERS OF SUBMERSIBLE WATER PUMP
Appendix
- APPENDIX – A:
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
A solar string inverter is an electrical device that converts DC electricity generated by solar panels into AC power. Solar panels are connected together in strings and the combined DC output is supplied to the inverter. String inverters are widely used in residential and commercial solar installations because they provide a relatively simple system architecture, efficient power conversion, remote monitoring capabilities, and comparatively low installation costs. Their performance depends on appropriate system design, including panel orientation, string configuration, voltage requirements, and shading conditions.
The main advantages of string inverters include design flexibility, robustness, efficient power conversion, relatively low cost, and straightforward troubleshooting. They can also support remote system monitoring and are available in configurations suitable for different installation requirements. Because multiple solar panels can be connected in strings to a single inverter, the overall system can have less complex wiring than installations using individual microinverters. These characteristics make string inverters particularly suitable for installations with uniform roof conditions and limited shading.
The main disadvantages of string inverters are limited panel-level monitoring, lack of panel-level MPPT, sensitivity to partial shading, and challenges associated with future system expansion. A string-based configuration can also involve relatively high DC voltage levels and requires appropriate consideration of shutdown and safety requirements. If one part of a string is affected by shading or other performance limitations, the overall string output can be influenced. Proper system design, installation, protection, and monitoring are therefore important for reliable long-term operation.
The key difference is where power conversion and MPPT functions are performed. A string inverter generally serves a group of solar panels connected in a string, while a microinverter is installed at the individual panel level. String inverter systems are generally simpler and less expensive to install, whereas microinverter systems can provide panel-level monitoring and optimization. String inverters are often well suited to roofs with uniform orientation and little shading, while microinverters can offer advantages where panels have differing orientations or shading conditions.
Major solar inverter components include power semiconductor devices and electronic components such as IGBTs, MOSFETs, capacitors, resistors, and integrated circuits. The report also identifies IC CD4047 as a component and covers PCB construction and associated elements. These components perform functions related to switching, control, energy storage, signal processing, and power conversion. The exact component selection depends on inverter design, electrical specifications, control architecture, capacity, efficiency requirements, and applicable testing and certification requirements.
Important solar inverter quality tests include electrical performance, input and output characterization, MPPT response, inverter yield or performance factor, ingress protection, temperature distribution, functional checks, and built-quality inspections. The report also covers testing procedures for DC input requirements, maximum power point voltage and current tracking ranges, AC output power, steady-state MPPT response, and dynamic MPPT response. Testing and certification help verify that the inverter performs reliably within its specified operating conditions and satisfies applicable technical requirements.
A string inverter should be selected based on the solar array configuration, DC voltage and current requirements, AC output requirements, MPPT operating range, shading conditions, installation environment, monitoring needs, and applicable safety and certification requirements. Roof orientation and uniformity are also important because string systems generally perform best where panels receive consistent sunlight. Installation requirements, maintenance access, future expansion plans, protection arrangements, and the expected operating conditions should also be evaluated to achieve reliable and efficient long-term system performance.
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