Detailed Project Report (DPR) on vinyl acetate monomer from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen

Industry Overview

Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM), also known as acetic acid ethenyl ester and by several other chemical names, is a colourless, mobile, highly flammable liquid with the formula CH3COOCH=CH2 and a pungent, characteristic odour. It is an important raw material used in the manufacture of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate resins, copolymers, and other commercial polymers.

The principal industrial manufacturing route is the vapor-phase reaction of ethylene, acetic acid, and oxygen over a palladium-based catalyst. The resulting VAM is recovered through condensation and scrubbing and purified by distillation. The process evolved from earlier acetylene-based technologies, with ethylene becoming increasingly important because of its lower feedstock cost. Historical developments included vapor-phase ethylene technology introduced in 1967 and its widespread adoption during the 1970s.

Alternative manufacturing routes include acetylene-based synthesis and processes involving acetaldehyde and acetic anhydride or vinyl chloride and sodium acetate. Modern VAM production focuses on catalyst performance, reaction selectivity, recovery, purification, process efficiency, and safe handling. VAM is stored in suitable steel tanks or drums and transported by bulk vessels or tank trucks. Because it is highly flammable and classified as hazard class 3 and packing group II for transportation, appropriate storage, handling, fire protection, and process safety measures are essential.

Cost Estimation

Content Index

• INTRODUCTION
• PROPERTIES
• CONTAINERS & REGULATIONS:
• HAZARD:
• USES AND APPLICATION
• USE PATTERN:
• VINYL ACETATE MONOMER
• TECHNICAL DATA SHEET
• GENERAL DESCRIPTION
• TYPICAL PROPERTIES
• CRITICAL DATA
• TYPICAL PROPERTIES (1) (CONTINUED)
• GLOBAL MARKET POSITION OF VINYL ACETATE MONOMER
• MARKET OPPORTUNITY:
• MARKET TENDS
• MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF VAM
• RAW MATERIAL
• TECHNOLOGY SOURCES:
• SEQUENCES IN VAM PROCESS
• ACETIC ACID EVAPORATION COLUMN
• REACTOR
• NON REACTIVE SUBSTANCE SEPARATOR
• ACETIC ACID RECOVERY COLUMN
• VAM REFINING COLUMN
• PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
• RAW MATERIAL CALCULATION
• REACTION
• RAW MATERIALS REQUIRED/MONTHS
• VAM PRODUCTION PROCESS
• PRODUCTION PROCESS USING ETHYLENE, ACETIC ACID AND OXYGEN
• REACTION SYSTEM
• THE REACTIONS THAT TAKE PLACE ARE:
• VAM DISTILLATION AND DEHYDRATION
• PRODUCTION DETAILS OF VINYL ACETATE MONOMER
• FIGURE: A SIMPLIFIED PROCESS SCHEME FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VINYL ACETATE MONOMER FROM A FATTY ACID OR TRIACYL GLYCERIDE-BASED OIL VIA NON-CATALYTIC CRACKING
• PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF VAM USING ETHYLENE, ACETIC ACID AND OXYGEN
• [MAIN REACTION]
• [SIDE REACTION]
• TABLE: MATERIALS IN THE VAM PLANT
• PROCESS CONSTRAINTS
• FIG.: PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF THE VAM PLANT
• FIG.: START-UP OPERATION PROCEDURE OF THE VAM PLANT
• TECHNICAL ASPECT IN VAM MANUFACTURE
• FIGURE: VAM PRODUCTION PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM.
• REACTION SYSTEM
• THE REACTIONS THAT TAKE PLACE ARE:
• THE RATE LAW FOR THIS REACTION (1) IS GIVEN BY:
• VAM DISTILLATION AND DEHYDRATION
• UNIT OPERATION IN VAM MANUFACTURE
• THE FOLLOWING REACTIONS TAKE PLACE:
• FIGURE: VINYL ACETATE MONOMER PROCESS FLOWSHEET
• 1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT & MANUFACTURER’S DETAILS
• 2. CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
• 3. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & HEALTH HAZARD
• 4. FIRST AID MEASURES
• EYE:
• SKIN:
• INHALATION:
• INGESTION:
• 5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
• EXTINGUISHING MEDIA:
• SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURE:
• UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD:
• 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
• 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE
• 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
• 9. PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES & FIRE/ EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA
• 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
• 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
• • ACUTE EFFECTS:
• • TARGET ORGANS:
• • TOXICITY:
• • CARCINOGENICITY:
• 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
• ECOTOXICITY:
• ENVIRONMENTAL FATE: THIS PRODUCT IS READILY BIODEGRADABLE
• 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATION
• 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
• 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
• EUROPEAN INFORMATION
• EC NO: 203-545-4
• US INFORMATION
• PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
• STORAGE LAYOUT:
• EQUIPMENT LAYOUT:
• SAFETY:
• PLANT EXPANSION:
• FLOOR SPACE:
• UTILITIES SERVICING:
• BUILDING:
• MATERIAL-HANDLING EQUIPMENT:
• RAILROADS AND ROADS:
• MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE SERVICE ARE:
• PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
• PRIMARY FACTORS
• 1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
• 2. MARKETS:
• 3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
• 4. WATER SUPPLY:
• 5. CLIMATE:
• SPECIFIC FACTORS
• 6. TRANSPORTATION:
• A. AVAILABILITY OF VARIOUS SERVICES AND PROJECTED RATES
• 7. WASTE DISPOSAL:
• 8. LABOR:
• 9. REGULATORY LAWS:
• 10. TAXES:
• 11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
• 12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:
• 13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:
• 14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
• EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
• 1. DEPRECIATION:
• 2. FIXED ASSETS:
• 3. WORKING CAPITAL:
• 4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:
• 5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:
• 6. MARGIN MONEY:
• 7. TOTAL LOAD:
• 8. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:
• PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
• INTRODUCTION
• PROJECT HANDLING
• PROJECT SCHEDULING
• PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
• TIME SCHEDULE
• LICENCED CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND SERVICES
• SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
• SUPPLIERS OF REACTORS
• SUPPLIERS OF CONDENSER
• SUPPLIERS OF BOILERS
• SUPPLIERS OF STORAGE TANK
• SUPPLIERS OF LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS
• SUPPLIERS OF HEAT EXCHANGER
• SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS

Appendix

• APPENDIX – A:
• 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
• 02. LAND & BUILDING
• 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
• 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
• 05. FIXED CAPITAL
• 06. RAW MATERIAL
• 07. SALARY AND WAGES
• 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
• 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
• 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
• 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
• 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
• 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
• 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
• 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
• 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
• 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
• 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

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