Industry Overview
Synthetic detergents occupy a vital position in modern cleaning applications because they provide quick, effective, and economical removal of dirt, dust, grease, and other contaminants. The synthetic detergent industry emerged as a regular industry after the Second World War and is closely associated with the petrochemical industry, which provides many of its basic raw materials.
Detergents are widely used for clothes washing and have important applications in laundry and dry cleaning, textile processing, grain milling, metal plating, food canning, dairy and beverage processing, restaurants, plant maintenance, and industrial housekeeping. Synthetic detergents are broadly classified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, and amphoteric types, each exhibiting different behaviour in aqueous solutions.
Detergent products are available in powder, cake, bar, paste, and liquid forms. Liquid detergents include light-duty and heavy-duty products and are used particularly for fine washing, dishwashing, and textile wet processing. For small manufacturers, liquid detergents can be produced using dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, commonly known as acid slurry, followed by neutralization using suitable agents.
Detergent powders and cakes contain combinations of active organic compounds, builders, carboxy methyl cellulose, optical whitening agents, foam boosters, and other functional ingredients. The industry serves both household and industrial markets, with branded detergent powders occupying a significant position in consumer cleaning products.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 15 Ton/Day |
| Land & Building (3000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 1.81 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 1.27 Cr |
| Working Capital for 1 Month | Rs. 3.45 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 6.71 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 66% |
| Break Even Point | 33% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- PROPERTIES OF DETERGENTS AND USES
- PROPERTIES OF WASHING SOAP AND WASHING POWDER
- USES AND APPLICATION
- MARKET OVERVIEW OF WASHING POWDER AND WASHING SOAP
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS/ EXPORTERS OF SOAPS AND DETERGENTS
- FORMULATION AND ITS MANUFACTURE OF WASHING SOAP
- INGREDIENT DOSING
- SLURRY PREPARATION
- COOLING AND REFINING
- EXTRUSION
- CUTTING OR
- CONDITIONING OR
- STAMPING
- PACKING
- FUNCTION OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF THE DETERGENT CAKE
- 1. ACTIVE ORGANIC COMPOUND
- 2. CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSE
- 3. PHOSPHATE BUILDERS
- 4. SODIUM PERBORATE
- 5. OPTICAL WHITENING AGENT
- 6. FOAM BOOSTER
- RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENT
- MANUFACTURE OF DETERGENT CAKE
- PROCESS - I
- (BASIS: -1 TON OF DETERGENT CAKE PER DAY)
- PROCESS - 2
- 1. FORMULATION: FOR 500 KG BATCH.
- PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE FOR FORMULA I.
- 1. CONCENTRATION OF SLURRY
- 2. MAKING OF CAKE/BAR
- 3. PACKING OF DETERGENT CAKE/BAR
- 4. DESPATCHING OF DETERGENT CAKE/BAR
- FLOW SHEET OF DETERGENT BAR PROCESSING
- VARIOUS OTHER FORUMULATIONS
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF DETERGENT POWDER
- THE COMPOSITION OF A GOOD QUALITY DETERGENT CAN BE WRITTEN AS UNDER:-
- THERE ARE THREE PROCESSES WHICH CAN BE USED FOR MANUFACTURE OF DETERGENT POWDER.
- FORMULATION OF DETERGENT POWDER (LOW COST)
- FORMULATION OF DETERGENT POWDER (MEDIUM COST)
- FORMULATION OF DETERGENT POWDER (HIGH COST)
- SOME OTHER FORMULATION OF DETERGENT POWDER
- (BASIS: -1 TON OF DETERGENT POWDER PER DAY)
- PROCESS - 2
- FORMULATION
- 1. FORMULATION: FOR 500 KG BATCH.
- 2. FORMULA: FOR 100 KG. BATCH
- PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE FOR FORMULA I.
- FORMULATION
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF HAND WASHING DETERGENT POWDER
- FORMULATION
- PROCESS
- PROCESS DETAILS
- FORMULATION OF WASHING DETERGENT POWDER
- DETRGENT POWDER BY SPRAY DRYING
- SPRAY DRYING TOWER PROCESS
- PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE OF WASHING DETERGENT POWDER
- SURF EXCEL TYPE DETERGENT POWDER
- FORMULATION - 1
- PROCESS
- PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE OF WASHING DETERGENT POWDER (WHEEL TYPE)
- HIGHER GRADE/QUALITY ARIEL TYPE DETERGENT POWDER
- FORMULATION - 1
- PROCESS
- FORMULATION OF DETERGENT POWDER
- FORMULATION OF DETERGENT POWDER, SURF EXCEL TYPE
- FORMULATION OF DETERGENT POWDER, WHEEL TYPE
- OTHERS FORMULATION AND PROCESS OF GOOD QUALITY DETERGENT POWDER
- METHOD OF PERFORMANCE OF TEST FOR SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS
- PART-I RELATIVE DESPERSING POWDER
- SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS
- OUTLINE OF METHOD
- APPARTUS
- WHITE OIL-
- PREPARATION OF SOLUTIONS
- PROCEDURE
- CALCULATION AND REPORTING
- CALCULATION
- PART - II RELATIVE EMULSIFYING POWER
- OUTLINE OF METHOD
- REAGENTS
- LIQUID PARAFFIN
- APPARATUS
- PREPARATION OF STOCK SOLUTION
- PROCEDURE
- CALCULATION AND REPORTING
- PART - V WETTING POWER
- OUTLINE OF THE METHOD
- APPARATUS
- PROCEDURE
- COMPLETE PLANT AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS FOR SOAP, DETERGENT CAKE AND POWDER
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
- SUPPLIERS OF MAKING & PACKAGING
- SUPPLIERS OF PULVERISER
- SUPPLIERS OF MIXERS
- SUPPLIERS OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF PLATFORM WEIGHING MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF DG SETS
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS FOR DETERGENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF ACID SLURRY
- SUPPLIERS OF SODA ASH
- SUPPLIERS OF CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSE
- SUPPLIERS OF OPTICAL WHITENING AGENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF ENZYMES
- SUPPLIERS OF SODIUM TRIPOLY PHOSPHATE
- SUPPLIERS OF SODIUM SULPHATE
- SUPPLIERS OF SODIUM SILICATE
- SUPPLIERS OF PERFUME
Appendix
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
Synthetic detergents are cleaning agents formulated from surface-active compounds and supporting ingredients to remove dirt, grease, and other contaminants.
Unlike traditional soaps, synthetic detergents are generally based on surfactants and may contain builders, optical brighteners, foam boosters, enzymes, and other functional components. They are manufactured in several forms, including powders, cakes, bars, pastes, and liquids. Their formulation and performance vary according to the intended application, cleaning requirements, raw materials, and product grade.
The main types of synthetic detergents are anionic, cationic, non-ionic, and amphoteric detergents.
These classifications are based primarily on the electrical characteristics of the surfactant portion in aqueous solution. Anionic detergents are widely used for general cleaning, while cationic detergents can provide specific functional properties. Non-ionic detergents are useful in applications requiring particular wetting or emulsifying characteristics, and amphoteric detergents can behave differently depending on the pH of the solution. Each type is selected according to the required cleaning performance and application.
Detergent powder manufacturing commonly uses surfactants, builders, fillers, binders, optical whitening agents, enzymes, fragrances, and other functional ingredients.
The report specifically discusses materials such as acid slurry, soda ash, carboxy methyl cellulose, optical whitening agents, enzymes, sodium tripoly phosphate, sodium sulphate, sodium silicate, and perfume. The precise formulation depends on the desired product grade, cleaning performance, cost positioning, processing method, and applicable specifications. Raw material quality and consistent dosing are important for maintaining uniform product characteristics.
Detergent powder can be manufactured through different processes, including slurry-based processing and spray drying.
The general manufacturing sequence may involve formulation and dosing of ingredients, preparation or concentration of slurry, drying where applicable, blending or finishing, and subsequent packing. Spray drying uses a spray drying tower to convert a suitable liquid or slurry feed into powder. The selected process depends on formulation, desired powder properties, production scale, equipment configuration, and product quality requirements.
Acid slurry, commonly referring to dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, can serve as a primary surfactant intermediate in liquid detergent production.
Small manufacturers may purchase the intermediate from primary producers and neutralize it using suitable alkaline materials such as soda or other neutralizing agents to obtain detergent formulations. The choice of neutralizing material and the overall formulation depend on the required product characteristics. Proper handling, dosing, mixing, and process control are essential for achieving a consistent liquid detergent product.
Detergent manufacturing equipment depends on the product form and selected manufacturing process.
Equipment covered by the report includes machinery for detergent cake and powder production, making and packaging equipment, pulverisers, mixers, material handling equipment, platform weighing machines, and DG sets. Powder production using spray drying additionally requires a suitable spray drying system. Equipment selection should consider formulation, batch or continuous operation, production capacity, material characteristics, automation requirements, product quality, safety, and packaging requirements.
Detergent quality testing can include evaluation of surface-active performance such as dispersing, emulsifying, and wetting properties.
The report includes methods for testing surface-active agents, including relative dispersing power, relative emulsifying power, and wetting power. Such tests help assess functional performance of detergent formulations. Depending on the product and applicable requirements, manufacturers may also evaluate other physical and chemical characteristics. Consistent testing and quality control help ensure that the finished detergent performs according to its intended application and product specifications.
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