Industry Overview
Water hardness is primarily caused by dissolved salts of calcium and magnesium, including bicarbonates, sulphates, and chlorides. These dissolved minerals can lead to scale formation on heating surfaces, reducing heat transfer efficiency and increasing the risk of overheating, equipment damage, and operational failures in industrial systems such as boilers. Severe scaling may result in tube-end leakage, costly repairs, replacement requirements, and production losses.
In addition to safety concerns, scale formation affects energy efficiency. As deposits accumulate on heat transfer surfaces, heat transfer rates decline and fuel consumption increases due to higher fuel-gas temperatures. Effective water treatment and scale prevention are therefore essential for maintaining equipment performance, improving energy conservation, and extending plant operating life.
This project report covers water treatment chemicals, their formulations, manufacturing processes, applications, plant requirements, process considerations, equipment details, and related industrial aspects. It includes discussions on hardness control, coagulation, flocculation, corrosion inhibition, boiler and cooling tower treatment, wastewater treatment, plant layout, location factors, implementation schedules, and project economics.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 2000 Kg./Day |
| Land & Building (1000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 1.65 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 71.50 Lac |
| Working Capital for 2 Months | Rs. 1.10 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 3.63 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 32% |
| Break Even Point | 54% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- HARDNESS SALTS:
- NON-HARDNESS SALTS:
- ORGANIC MATTER:
- SILICA:
- DISSOLVED GASES:
- SUSPENDED MATTER:
- PREVENTION OF SCALE
- THE UNTREATED WATER CAN BE CLASSIFIED IN THREE MAIN GROUPS:
- SOFT WATER
- INTERMEDIATE WATER:
- HARD WATER:
- PROPERTIES
- CRYSTALLINE:
- RAW MATERIALS
- THE REACTION INVOLVED IS
- RAW MATERIAL FOR 1 TONS. OF VARIOUS PRODUCTS
- COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION IN WATER BAND WASTE WATER
- WASTE WATER TREATMENT
- MARKET OVREVIEW OF WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS
- FORMULATION OF WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS
- PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE
- PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR BOILER COMPOUND
- WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS FOR BOILER & COOLING TOWER
- PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
- PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
- EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
- PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
- ADDRESSES OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
- RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS
Appendix
- APPENDIX – A:
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
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