Industry Overview
Zinc sulphate, commonly known as White Vitriol, is an important inorganic zinc compound manufactured synthetically for agricultural, industrial, pharmaceutical, and chemical applications. It is commercially available in hydrate forms, particularly zinc sulphate heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O) and zinc sulphate monohydrate (ZnSO4·H2O), as well as in technical, pharmaceutical, and chemically pure grades. Zinc sulphate is widely used in fertilizers, animal nutrition, viscose rayon, textile dyeing and printing, pigments, paper, paints and varnishes, and other chemical processes.
Research conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, including work reported in 1978 on micronutrients in Indian agriculture, established significant areas of zinc deficiency based on soil tests and crop responses. Zinc sulphate has demonstrated beneficial responses particularly in rice, potato, tea, cereals, wheat, and groundnut. It may be applied directly to soils, incorporated into fertilizers, or used in pesticide sprays to correct zinc deficiency.
Commercial manufacture can involve treating zinc ash or zinc dross with sulphuric acid, followed by filtration, concentration, crystallization, centrifugation, and dehydration to produce the required hydrate. For analytical reagent grade material, zinc metal may be preferred as the starting raw material. The product has broad industrial demand and is one of the most widely used zinc salts of an inorganic acid.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 15 MT/Day |
| Land & Building (4000 sq.mt) | Rs. 2.17 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 2.60 Cr |
| Working Capital for 2 Months | Rs. 1.92 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 6.90 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 20% |
| Break Even Point | 65% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- USES & APPLICATIONS
- RESPONSE OF GROUNDNUT TO ZINC APPLICATION
- DIRECT AND RESIDUAL EFFECT OF APPLIED ZINC ON YIELD, ZINC CONCENTRATION AND TOTAL UPTAKE OF ZINC BY GROUNDNUT CROP AND AVAILABLE ZINC STATUS OF SOILS.
- MICRONUTRIENTS REQUIREMENTS OF DIFFERENT CROPS
- MARKET SURVEY
- CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF ZINC SULPHATE
- INSTALLED CAPACITY, PRODUCTION AND CAPACITY UTILIZATION OF ZINC SULPHATE
- APPARENT CONSUMPTION OF ZINC SULPHATE
- ESTIMATED DEMAND OF ZINC SULPHATE
- EXPORT DATA OF ZINC SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE
- IMPORT DATA OF ZINC SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE
- PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF ZINC SULPHATE
- BUYERS ADDRESSES OF ZINC SULPHATE
- OVERVIEW OF ZINC FERTILIZER
- ZINC DEFICIENCY IN SOILS AND PLANTS
- SOIL AND PLANT ANALYSIS
- TREATMENT OF ZINC DEFICIENT SOILS AND PLANTS
- ZINC FERTILIZER COMPOUNDS TABLE. ZINC CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
- ZINC FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS
- BENEFITS AND IMPACTS OF ZINC FERTILIZERS TABLE. YIELD INCREASE AND BENEFIT-TO-COST RATIO ON SOME KEY CROPS IN INDIA
- CONCLUSION
- GLOBAL MARKET POSITION OF ZINC SULPHATE
- THE GLOBAL ZINC SULPHATE MARKET BY TYPES IS CLASSIFIED INTO:
- THE GLOBAL ZINC SULPHATE MARKET BY APPLICATION IS CLASSIFIED INTO
- ROLE OF ZINC SULPHATE IN SOIL APPLICATION
- ZINC (ZN)
- ROLE:
- DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS:
- DOSE AND APPLICATION METHOD:
- CROP RESPONSE:
- SPECIFICATION OF ZINC SULPHATE
- SPECIFICATION OF ZINC SULPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE
- SPECIFICATION OF ZINC SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- SCOPE
- REQUIREMENTS
- REQUIREMENT FOR ZINC SULPHATE AGRICULTURAL GRADE
- PACKING & MARKING
- SAMPLING:
- METHODS FOR TEST
- FOR ZINC SULPHATE AGRICULTURAL GRADE
- TESTING & SPECIFICATION FOR CERTIFICATION OF ZINC SULPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE AGRICULTURAL GRADE
- ZINC SULPHATE, HEPTAHYDRATE
- AGRICULTURAL GRADE
- PROPERTIES OF ZINC SULPHATE, HEPTAHYDRATED (21%) (ZNSO4 7H2O)
- PROPERTIES OF THE ZINC SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE
- DENSITY:
- MELTING POINT:
- CRYSTALLIZATION RANGE
- MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY
- IMPORTANT DETAILS OF ZINC SULPHATE
- MARKET
- ZINC SULPHATE (ZNSO4)
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS
- APPLICATION
- ZINC SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE 28%
- ZINC SULPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE 21%
- ZINC SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE 33%
- PLANT LOCATION
- RAW MATERIAL POSITION IN INDIA
- PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ZINC SULPHATE
- COMPOSITION OF ZINC ASH:
- METALLIC IMPURITIES LIKE PB.CD, CU, NI, CO. AL, ETC.
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF ZINC SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE (POWDER) (33%)
- REACTION
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
- OTHER PROCESSES
- FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ZINC SULPHATE
- GENERAL SPECIFICATION OF ZINC SULPHATE
- HEPTAHYDRATE 21%
- ZINC SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE 33%
- PACKING
- PLANT LAYOUT
- COMPLETE PLANT
- AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS ON TURNKEY
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- ZINC ASH
- SULPHURIC ACID
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
- SPRAY DRYER
- REACTORS
- FILTER PRESS
- STORAGE TANK
- PULVERIZERS
Appendix
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
Zinc sulphate is used in agriculture, animal nutrition, viscose rayon, textiles, chemicals, pigments, paper, paints and other industrial applications. In agriculture, it is primarily used to correct zinc deficiency in soils and crops, either directly or through fertilizers and pesticide sprays. It is also used as a trace element in animal feeds. Industrial applications include textile dyeing and printing, viscose fibre manufacture, and the preparation of certain zinc compounds and chemical products.
The main commercial forms of zinc sulphate are zinc sulphate monohydrate and zinc sulphate heptahydrate. These forms differ in their water of crystallization and consequently in their physical and chemical characteristics. Zinc sulphate is marketed in technical, pharmaceutical and chemically pure grades depending on the required application and purity. It can also be supplied as a solid or in solution, allowing manufacturers and end users to select the form appropriate for agricultural, industrial, laboratory or chemical-processing requirements.
Commercial zinc sulphate can be manufactured by reacting zinc-containing raw materials such as zinc ash or zinc dross with sulphuric acid. The resulting slurry is filtered, and the zinc sulphate solution is concentrated before crystallization. Crystals of zinc sulphate heptahydrate can then be separated from the mother liquor using suitable crystallization and centrifugation equipment. Further dehydration can produce zinc sulphate monohydrate. Higher-purity grades may use zinc metal as the starting raw material to obtain the required product quality.
Zinc sulphate is important in agriculture because it provides zinc where soils or crops are deficient in this essential micronutrient. Zinc plays an important role in plant growth and physiological processes, so correcting deficiency can improve crop performance. The report describes positive crop responses to zinc sulphate in rice, potato, tea, cereals, wheat and groundnut. Depending on agronomic requirements, zinc sulphate may be applied directly to soil, included in fertilizers or incorporated into suitable crop-protection sprays.
Zinc ash, zinc dross, zinc metal and sulphuric acid are among the raw materials associated with zinc sulphate manufacture. Zinc ash and zinc dross can be obtained from zinc-processing and galvanizing operations and may be treated with sulphuric acid to produce zinc sulphate solution. For analytical reagent or higher-purity material, zinc metal may be preferred as the starting raw material. The appropriate raw material depends on the intended grade, product specification, process design and required purity.
Zinc sulphate is used across agriculture, animal nutrition, textile processing, viscose rayon manufacture, chemical processing, paper, paints, varnishes and pigment-related applications. Its use as a zinc source makes it particularly important in fertilizers and animal feeds. In industrial processing, it can participate in the manufacture of other zinc compounds and is used in textile dyeing and printing. The combination of agricultural, industrial and chemical applications supports demand for different grades and hydrate forms of zinc sulphate.
Equipment requirements depend on the selected manufacturing route and product grade, but the report identifies reactors, filter presses, storage tanks, spray dryers and pulverizers among the relevant plant and machinery. A commercial process may also require facilities for reaction, filtration, concentration, crystallization, centrifugation and dehydration. Proper material handling, process control and storage systems are important for maintaining product quality and safe operation. The final equipment configuration should be established from the desired capacity, raw material characteristics and zinc sulphate specification.
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