modern technology of bleaching, dyeing, printing and finishing of textiles (hand book)

MODERN TECHNOLOGY OF BLEACHING, DYEING, PRINTING AND FINISHING OF TEXTILES

The Natural Fibres

• Cotton
• Nature of cotton fibres
• Fibre characteristics
• Chemical properties
• Mercerised cotton
• Modified and improved cottons
• Linen
• Rippling
• Retting
• Scutching
• Characteristics of linen fibres
• Wool
• Nature of wool fibres
• Felting
• Physical characteristics of wool fibres
• Recovered wool fibres
• Goat and rabbit fibres
• Silk
• Cultivated silk
• Reeling of silk
• Weighting of silk
• Silk characteristics
• Miscellaneous fibres
• Kapok fibre
• Sisal
• Asbestos fibre
• The Main Made Fibres
• Regenerated cellulose Cellulose acetate, Synthetic glass and fibres made by fibrillation
• The conception of man made fibres
• Definition of fibre terms
• Chardonnet rayon
• Viscose rayon
• Basic manufacturing processes
• Purification
• Continuous methods of viscose rayon manufacture
• Special treatments
• Special types of viscose rayon
• Fine filament rayon
• High-tenacity rayon
• Polynosic rayons
• Darelle
• Cellulose acetate fibres
• Cellulose di-and tri-acetate
• Cellulose acetate manufacture
• Die-acetate fibre manufacture
• Alginate Rayon
• Seaweed fibre
• The Synthetic fibres
• Polyamide Fibres
• Nylon
• Early researches
• The nature of nylon
• Condensation and polymerisation
• Details of nylone manufacture
• Use of stretching
• Distinctive properties
• Dyeing and finishing problems
• Polyester fibres
• Terylene and Dacron
• Kodel
• Polyolefine fibres
• Polyethylene fibres
• Polypropylene fibres
• Vinylon
• Rhovyl
• Zefran
• Darvan
• Glass fibres

Yarn (Principles and Manufacture)
 

• Preliminary processes
• Yarn Manufacture
• Cotton
• Mixing, cleaning and opening operations
• Stages in the manufacture of cotton yarn
• Scutching
• Carding
• First drawing process
• Cotton combing
• Draw frames
• Spinning of cotton yarns
• Linen
• Silk
• Treatment of waste silk
• Types of silk yarns
• Wool
• Stages in the manufacture of woollen and worsted yarns
• Worsteds and woollens
• Woollen yarn manufacture
• Worsted yarn manufacture
• The autoleveller
• Doubling of yarns
• Textured yarns
• Crepe yarns
• Crepe yarns
• New and simplified methods for producing yarn
• Open end or break spinning
• Bobtex yarn spinning
• Fasciated yarn spinning
• Twist free yarn spinning

Fabric Manufacture

• Weaving
• Preliminary processes
• The plain loom
• Jacquard looms
• Knitting
• Seamless and fully fashioned hose
• Fully fashioned hose and garments
• Lace making
• Felt manufacture
• Production of Other non woven fabrics
• Non woven floor coverings
• Spun bonded non-woven fabrics
• Flocked pile and nonwoven fabrics
• Locstitch pile fabric
• Pile fabrics
• Tufted carpets
• The fufting process
• Silver knitted pile fabric

Bleaching, Dyeing, Printing and Finishing

• Scouring
• Impurities to be removed
• Treatments for various types of fibres
• Natural fibres
• Rayon and synthetic fibres
• Purification of loose fibres
• Kiering of cotton Scouring of loose wool
• Hydroextraction
• Carbonisation
• Drying loose fibres
• Purification of yarn in skein form
• Skein scouring machine
• Drying of skeins
• Purification of yarn in package form
• Purification of fabrics
• Singeing and kiening of cotton fabric
• Starch liquefying enzymes
• Normal kiering method
• Continuous method
• Roller washing machines
• Winch machines
• Scouring of lace
• Scouring of smallwares
• Bleaching treatments
• Bleaching silk and wool
• Stoving
• Hydrogen peroxide bleaching
• Bleaching cotton and linen
• Bleaching of flax(linen) fibres
• Bleaching of synthetic fibres
• Blueing
• Fluorescent whitening agents (FWA)
• Mercerisation
• Mercerisation of yarn
• Mercerisation of fabric
• Milling of Wool materials
• Dyeing
• Development of dyes
• Classification of dyes
• Principles of dyeing
• Simple dyeing
• Other dyeing methods
• Difficulties of dyeing acetate and synthetic fibres
• Materials used in dyeing machinery
• Fabric dyeing methods
• Dyeing fabric in a jigger
• Winch dyeing machine
• Padding processes
• Machines for dyeing fabric while would on a perforated roller
• New continuous dyeing processes
• The dyeing of yarn
• Dyeing of loose fibres
• Dyeing of knitted materials
• Men's socks
• Dyeing ladies hose
• High temperature dyeing process
• Dyeing with reactive dyes
• Dyeing two colours simultaneously
• Printing
• Block printing
• Cylinder (roller) printing
• The printing machine
• Method of printing
• Steaming to fix printed colours
• Discharge printing
• Resist printing
• Screen printing
• Mechanised screen printing
• Transfer printing
• Printing with pigments
• Dye penetration
• Polychromatic dyeing
• Carpets and their colouring
• Coloured carpets
• Finishing
• Removal of excess water from wet fabrics
• Drying of textile materials
• Woven fabrics
• Brattice dryers for hosiery
• Drying of lace goods
• Finishing fabrics to desired dimensions on a stenter
• The clip stenter
• The hot air stenter
• Stenters for flat knitted fabric
• Finishing of tubular knitted fabric
• Mechanical softening of textile materials
• calenders for cotton fabrics
• Finishing to give lustre
• Fiction calendering
• Schreiner calender
• Damping machines
• Other calendering and softening machines
• Softening after lustring
• Beetling of linen fabrics
• Finishing of wool materials
• Raising processes
• Finishing of hose
• Continuous hose finishing machines
• Some recent developments in dyeing and finishing
• Jet dyeing machines
• Use of organic solvents in textile dyeing and finishing
• High frequency radiation to assist dyeing

Rotary printing and Dyeing on Cotton/Synthetic Textile

• Introduction
• Physical
• Chemical, using both terms in a very wide sense
• Manufacturing process
• Drying
• Dyeing
• Printing of cotton fabric
• Details rotary or roller printing machines
• Operating precautions
• Preparation of fabric for printing
• Cotton
• Nylon and Terylene polyester fibre
• Printing procedures
• Preparation of the printing paste
• Thickening agents
• Drying after printing
• Plant economics
• Plant & machinery
• Fixed capital
• Raw materials
• Total capital investment
• Turn over/annum

Printing of Textiles

• Methods of printing
• Roller printing
• Screen printing
• Spray printing
• Styles of printing
• Plant economics
• Plant & machinery
• Fixed capital
• Working/capital requirement/month
• Raw materials
• Total working capital/month
• Total capital investment
• Turn over/annum

Readymade Garments

• Introduction
• Manufacturing process in brief
• Manufacturing of men's shirts
• Manufacturing process in detail for ladies dresses, Shirts and trousers
• Design
• Cutting process
• Cutting involves three basic operations
• Sewing production
• Fusing and cementing
• Pressing and molding processes
• Manufacturing of ladies dresses
• Production equipment
• General
• Manufacturing process of pantaloon(trouser)
• Plant economics
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed capital
• Raw materials
• Total working capital/month
• Total capital investment
• Turn over/annum

Textile Dyeing and Printing (Job Work)

• Plant economics
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed capital
• Raw materials
• Total working capital/month
• Total capital investment
• Turn over/annum

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