COMPLETE HAND BOOK ON PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRIES Food Packaging, Cashew Packaging, Canned Food Storage, Packaging of Dehydrated Products, Traditional Food Packaging Lined Cartons, Hollow Containers, Plastic Packaging

The book covers Food  Packaging Technology, Bio based Plastics for Packaging, Metal Food Cans,  Tin Plate Containers for Pharmaceuticals, Foods and Cosmetics, Tinplate Container for Fruit and Vegetable Products packaging, Packaging of Cashews, Shelf life of Canned Food, Aerosol Containers packaging, Packaging of Paints, Manufacture of Crowns, Packages of Dehydrated Products, Traditional Food Packaging, Lined Cartons for Packaging of Food Products, Production of Hollow Containers, Plastics Packaging, Blow Moulded Plastic Containers, Printing of Flexible Packaging Materials,  Plant Economics of air Bubble Packaging Film, Plant Economics of Aluminium Beverage Cans, Plant Economics of Aluminium Foil Cutting and Roll Making, Plant Economics of Brake Oil, Coolant and Packing of Lube Oil and Greases, Plant Economics of Carton for Distillery, Plant Economics of Corrugated Boxes (Automatic Plant), Plant Economics of Cosmetics and Plastic Packaging Materials Manufacturing, Plant Economics of Disposable Plastic Cups, Glass etc.  Plant Economics of Flexible Packaging and Rotogravure Printing, Plant Economics of Folding Cartons/Mono Cartons, Plant Economics of Food Packaging, Industry,  Plant Economics of Jute Bags and Packaging Products,  Plant Economics of Mono Cartons with Printing, Plant Economics of Packaged Coconut Water (Coco Jal), Plant Economics of Packaged Drinking Water, Plant Economics of Paper Packaging, Project Profile of Pilfer Proof Caps,  Project Profile of Poly Packs of Polyethene Film, Project profile of Pouches filling and packaging of Edible Oil & Ghee,  Project Profiles of Printed Tin Containers,  Project profile of Processing and Retail Packing of Food Grain Pulses, Spices etc., Project Profiles of Rice Polishing and Packing,  Project Profiles of Sugar cane Juice in Tetrapack,  Project Profiles of Tea Packaging, Project Profiles of  Thermocole  Based Disposable Plates, Cups and Glasses.

COMPLETE HAND BOOK ON PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRIES

(Food Packaging, Food Cans, Tin Plate Containers, Cashew Packaging, Canned  Food Storage, Aerosol Packing, Paint Packing, Crowns, Packaging of Dehydrated Products, Traditional Food Packaging, Lined Cartons, Hollow Containers, Plastic Packaging, Blow Moulded Plastic Container)

FOOD PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY

• Introduction
• Functions of Food Packaging
• Microwavable soup and sandwich combination in which the package and product are specifically designed for thawing and heating in a home microwave oven.
• Requirements for Effective Food Packaging
• A modern high speed packaging line for filling paperboard based  cartons with liquid foods and beverages such as milk or soups.
• Percentage of Packaging Used for Different Products 
• Plastic tubes containing dairy products with inner membrane seals for tamper evidency
• Types of containers
• Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary
• Form fill seal packaging
• Some standard designs for secondary corrugated shipping cartons based on international case code 0200
• Automated palletizing and rotating stretch wrapping system for stabilizing unit (tertiary) loads prior to removal with a fork lift truck
• A vacuum form fill seal (FFS) process commonly used to package processed
• metals such as trank furters, mozzarella cheese, and other
• products
• Hemetic Closure
• Metal sheets being prepared for can making
• Food Packaging Materials and Forms
• One method of forming pouches using vertical form fill seal machines Pouches can also be formed on horizontal machines
• Projected Dollar Value of Packaging in the United States
• Metal
• Types of Steel base Required for General Classes of Food products 
• General Types of Can coatings
• Metal Cans
• Can Construction
• Can Corrosion
• Comparison of the steps in manufacturing three piece soldered side seam, three piece  welded side, drawn and redrawn two piece, drawn and ironed two piece metal cans.
• A tin coated can acts as a galvanic cell where tin (Sn) is a sacrifical anode and protects the iron (Fe) from corrosion
• Can sizing
• Glass
• Selected Standard can sizes and Volumes
• Glass Containers
• Forming glass containers by the blow and blow and press and blow techniques
• Paper, Paperboard and Fiberboard
• Plastics
• Typical glass container closures commonly used for foods and beverages
• General Characteristics of Packaging Films
• Permeability and Chemical Properties of Packaging Films
• Mechanical Properties of Packaging Films
• Laminates
• Retortable Pouches and Trays
• Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) of Aluminium Foil Laminates
• Flexible laminants are used to package a comple meal including retorted entree for military use by soldiers in the field
• edible Films
• Meal Ready to Eat Individual
• Two or more different polymers can be  combined into a multiple laye film or sheet by forcng different melted plastics through a single slit die 
• Extruder "A"
• Extruder "B"
• Wood and Cloth Materials
• Package testing
• Method for determining the gas transmission rate (i.e. permeability) of a plastic film (specimen) by measuring the concentration of test gas in a reference gas which is separated from the test gas by the plastic film
• Packages with special features
• Microwave Oven Packaging 
• Cooked and processed meats packaged in shrink films
• Typical manufacturing  technology for depositing very small amounts of aluminium on hightemperature plastic films used to heat foods by conduction in a microwave oven
• High Barrier Plastic Bottles
• Aseptic Packaging in Composite Cartons
• Aseptic packaging system using form till seal technique 
• Military Food Packaging
• Newer Methods of Cooking and Food Service
• Packaging and Communication
• Distribution Packaging
• Color and Symbolism in Packaging for Asian Markets
• Safety of food packaging
• Migration from Plastics 
• Contamination
• Environmental considerations
• Composition of solid municipal waste by (A) type of material and (B) by type of product
• Reduction in  the amount of packaging used (i.e source reduction) by making products more concentrated 

BIO BASED PLASTICS FOR PACKAGING 

• Introduction
• Sources and classification
• Optimal food packaging and chaltenges
• Type of Food  and Packaging Requirement
• Modifications
• Bio Nano Composites
• Use of Additives
• Clay
• Edible Films
• Coatng of Films
• Protein Films
• Protein Films
• PLA Silicate
• Addition of Plasticizers
• Structure of a multi layer film
• Active packaging 
• Multilayer films
• Protein coating on a synthetic film
• Protein coating on a synthetic film
• Compounding
• Conclusion

METAL FOOD CANS

• 3 Piece Soldered
• Steel Food can Technologies
• 3 Piece Welded
• Drawn Cans
• 2 Piece Single Draw
• 2 Piece  DRD
• 2 Piece DWI
• Matching can to product
• Fruit
• Pressure Processed Products
• Vegetables 
• Meats and  Fish
• Shaped Cans
• TFS
• Printed Cans

TIN PLATE CONTAINERS FOR PHARMACEUTICALS, FOODS AND COSMETICS

• Manufacturing Process
• Can Sealants

TINPLATE CONTAINER FOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS PACKAGING 

• Introduction
• Modern Trends
• Industry Trends
• New State of Art Technologies
• Tin Plate for Fruit and Vegetable Products 
• Composition of base steel plate
• Different types of steel plate 
• Developments in tinplate manufacture
• Designations and normal coating weights
• Structure of tincoating
• Light tin coated steel (LTS)
• Double cold rolled tinplate (2 CR) or Double reduced tinplate (DR)
• Developments in can fabrication
• Two Piece Cans
• Drawn Thin Redraw (DTR) and precision sidewall thickness control (PSTC) process
• Packaging of fruit and vegetable products in tinplate container
• Acid resistant facquered cans
• Sulphur resistant lacquered cans
• High Tin Fillet (HTF) can 
• Corrosion Problem in food cans and its inhibition
• Quality control tests
• Thickness of tinplate
• Grain structure of tincoating
• Coating continuity (porosty) test
• Tin oxide
• Chromium in passivation layers
• Special property tests
• Physical tests
• Tests for lacquer
• BIS specification for OTS can for fruit and Vegetable products 
• Tincoating
• Standards for metal containers

PACKAGING OF CASHEWS

• Introduction
• Issues
• Opportunity
• Actions
• Conclusion

SHELF LIFE OF CANNED FOOD

• Optimum Storage Conditions
• Typical shelf lives of canned foods under optimum storage conditions
• Nutritional Aspects of Canned Foods
• Processing Can Increase as Well as Decrease Nutritional Value in Foods
• Increased Energy
• Restoration
• Food Tailoring
• The effect of Heat processing on Nutrients
• Vitamins and minerals
• proteins
• Carbhydrates and Fats 
• The effect of Storage on the Nutrient Content of Canned Food 
• Nutritional Value Research (NVR) Studies
• Comparison of the Nutrient Content of Canned and Fresh Food as Eaten
• The Products Tested
• Study No. 2 (NVR II) Nutrient Content of Prepared 
• Canned Foods
• Product Tested
• Nutritional Value Research study (NVR I)
• Nutritional Index (NI)

AEROSOL CONTAINERS PACKAGING 

• Selection and Application
• Container Selection
• Container Application

PACKAGING OF PAINTS

• Introduction
• Tinplate Containers
• Requirements of Oil Pant Packaging
• Can Manufacturing Process 
• Stage (i)
• Stage (ii)
• Stage (iii)
• Recent Trends

MANUFACTURE OF CROWNS

• Introduction
• Functions of a Closure System
• Usage
• Raw Materials
• The Metal
• Decorative/Protective Finishes 
• Functions
• Attributes
• Decoration System
• Components of decoration system
• Size 
• Coating
• Inks
• Varnish
• Lacquer
• Additives/Solvents etc.
• Classification of Materials
• Sealing Liner
• Manufacturing process
• Sheet Squaring/Trimming 
• Metal Decoration
• Roller Coating
• Litho Printing
• Artwork
• Colour Separation
• Step and Repeat 
• The Plate Making 
• Printing
• Sliting
• Sheet Lubrication
• Crown Forming 
• Crown Lining
• Counting
• Packing 
• Other System Components
• Glass Bottles
• The commonly Encountered defects
• Crown Sealing
• Hopper
• Chute
• Platform
• Throat
• Plunger
• Springs
• Compensation
• Baseplate
• Guides/Star wheels
• Common Crowner Problems
• Improper Crimping
• Off Centred Crimping
• Bottle Breakage
• Bottles Hanging on Throat
• Bottles Hanging on Platform
• Bottle Neck Crushing
• performance
• Gas Retention
• Crown
• Bottles
• Crowner
• Storage & Transportation
• Testing Variables
• Corrosion
• Information  Required 
• Rusting at What Stage
• Pattern of Rusting
• Basic Concepts Risk Factors 
• Humidity
• Salinity
• Acidic Ambient Conditions
• Break in Protective Films
• Dusting
• Flow of Crowns
• Quality Assurance
• Quality Assurance Scheme
• Raw Materials Inspection
• Tinplate/Tfs
• Decoration Materials Liquids
• Decoration Material Inks
• Liners
• Process Control
• Pre Squaring
• Printing
• Manufacturing
• Finish Inspection
• Parameters
• Crown Defects
• GMP
• QC at Customer's End
• In Coming Checks
• Storage
• Process Control
• Equipment
• Post Filling Storage
• Transport of filled Bottles
• Retailer

PACKAGES OF DEHYDRATED PRODUCTS 

• Orientation
• Metallization
• Co-extrusion of multilayer films
• Stretch blow moulding
• Thermoform fill sealing 
• Package forms and techniques
• Aseptic packaging
• Retortable containers
• Modified and controlled atmosphere packaging
• Skin, shrink and cling film packaging
• Micro ovenable containers
• Other package forms and components of plastics

TRADITIONAL FOOD PACKAGING

• Introduction
• Traditional food packaging technologies food systems 
• Women and Food Processing
• Upgrading of Food Packaging 
• Food preservation principles and their integration with food packaging 
• Food Unit Operations
• Cold preservation
• heat preservation
• Fermentation preservation
• Reduction of available water 
• Pickling or Curing Preservation
• Chemical preservation
• Gas environemnt control
• Combination and assorted methods
• The influence of packaging on biochemical and microbiological changes in foods
• Biochemical changes
• Microbilogical changes
• The influence of packaging on physical and chemical changes in food 
• Physical changes
• Chemical changes
• Toxicity
• Trace Elements
• The influence of packaging on flavour, colour, texture, moisture and oxygen transfer in foods
• Retention or exclusionof volatile odours
• Colour and texture
• Moisture and oxygen transfer
• Prevention of ingress of moisture
• Preventionof loss of moisture 
• Intermediate conditions
• A guide to the range of  foods and microorganisms on the equilibrium relative humidity scale 
• Air and oxygen transfer
• Removal of oxygen
• Building up of carbon dioxide
• Gas tight packs
• The influence of packaging on the resistance of a food product to temperature changes and light damage
• Temperature
• Light
• Case studies of some traditional foods and their packaging 
• Indonesla
• Sudan
• Dried fruits and vegetables
• Thailand
• Mexico
• Nigeria
• India
• The importance of food packaging in FAO programmes
• new project proposals

LINED CARTONS FOR PACKAGING OF FOOD PRODUCTS 

• Compansion between a standard lined carton and a bag in box 
• Concept of lined carton packaging system
• Constituents of a lined carton packaging system
• Manufacture of lined cartons
• Sequence of Operation
• Printng
• Varnish /Lamination
• Punching
• Folding and Lining
• Carton filling and sealing machines
• Machine operation costs
• Characteristics of machines
• Sequence of operation
• Vacuum and Gas Flushing
• Cnstituents of the lined carton
• Substance of board for weight of unit pack
• Tests
• Quality parameters of board
• Performance properties of Lined cartons
• Linears
• Barrier properties of liners
• Barier metallised film poperties
• Peel bond strength of laminations
• Criteria for the selection of liners
• Versatility of lined cartons
• Flexibility
• Minimising Labour Expenses
• Products
• Easy Dispensability
• Product Package Compatibility
• Future prospects of the lined carton packaging system

PRODUCTION OF HOLLOW CONTAINERS

• General
• Fill products and dosing systems
• Package production, filling and sealing takes place in the blow mold of a compact automated machine 
• The packages manufactured by this system can be recognized by their hermetic closures, which has been molded, after production of the hollow container, for the still warm upper part of the extruded parison
• Usable resins
• Process methods
• Synchronized operation with single parison extrusion
• Working process
• Structural components for the manufacture of hollow containers
• Plastic granulate or plastic powder is supplied via the hopper 
• The mold unit 5-7 is moved from the extrusion station under the blow/fill set 14
• Upon extension of the fill noule out of mandrel cone, 9 the exhaust line 16 for the ballooning air used for the forming is freed
• The blow/fill set 14 retracts to the upper basic position
• Synchronized operation with central parison extrusion
• In single parison extrusion up to six parisons are technically feasible, depending on the type of plastic material used.
• The diameter of the central parison, after having been formed into an  oval by a parison clamp is slightly wider than the total width of the multicavity mold.
• In central parison extrusion, a central parison, several mold cavities wide, is extruded
• These ampoule blocks are made of extruded cental parisons
• Synchronized operation with double shuttle moulds
• With the double shuttle operation the machine output can be doubled 
• Continuous operation with single parison extrusion
• Continuous operation with central parison extrusion
• Special machines for various fil products
• Packaging of explosive fill products
• Aspetic packaging of liquids
• The molded hermetic closure
• Examples for use 
• The chemical industrial field is not only comprised of aggressive toxic or combustible chemicals
• Daily products, baby food and soft drinks are packed under aseptic conditions
• Only collapsible plastic packagings allow the application of infusions with giving sets.

PLASTICS PACKAG   

• Introduction
• Flexible packaging
• Thrust areas
• Retort Pouch Food Production
• Breathable films
• Multipurpose FFs  Machne
• Hayssen Snack food packaging systems
• Aseptic packaging
• Aseptic filling operation
• Factors of importance
• Aseptic transfer
• Internal storage, transport and handling
• Bulk aseptic packaging Filler
• Automatic filling 
• Multilayer barrier (PET bottles
• Blow moulded industrial packaging
• Sme new trends in blow moulding 
• Blow moulding foam technology (BFT)
• 3-D blow mouldng of containers
• Thin gauge form fill seal machines
• Packaging for electrostatic discharge protection
• Form, Fill And Seal (FFS) Line
• Miscellaneous
• Some uncommon sealing methods for plastics films and rigid containers
• Biodegradable plastics (films)
• Spray coated copolyester provides a moisture barrier on natural composite hot and cold cups now being introduced at fast outlets
• Biodegradable polymers enhance the properties of fresh produce and meat trays now being  thermoformed out of starch
• Recycling of tetrapack waste
• Wrap up 

BLOW MOULDED PLASTIC CONTAINERS High density polyethylene blow moulded products for entrepreneurs 

• Versatile process of blow moulding 
• Versatile machinery of blow moulding 
• Versatile products out of blow moulding 
• Major applications of blow moulded products 
• Consumer goods
• Industrial 
• Versatile advanages of blow moulded products 
• Blow moulding machinery India 
• New developments in blow moulding machinery
• New developments in blow moulds
• Blow Moulders
• Conclusion

PRINTING OF FLEXIBLE PACKAGING MATERIALS

• Printing on Films/Laminates
• Flexographic printing
• Gravure printing
• Screen printing
• Flexo  Graphic Printing 
• Lithographic Printing
• Gravure Printing
• Inks and varnishes for printing of flexible packaging
• Flexographic Inks
• Gravure inks
• Water Based ink systems
• Print Evaluation

PLANT ECONOMICS OF AIR BUBBLE PACKAGING FILM

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum 

PLANT ECONOMICS OF ALUMINIUM BEVERAGE CANS

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum  

PLANT ECONOMICS OF ALUMINIUM FOIL CUTTING AND ROLL MAKING 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum 

PLANT ECONOMICS OF BRAKE OIL, COOLANT AND PACKING OF LUBE OIL AND GREASES

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum 

 PLANT ECONOMICS OF CARTON FOR DISTILLERY

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum               

PLANT ECONOMICS OF CORRUGATED BOXES (AUTOMATIC PLANT)

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

PLANT ECONOMICS OF COSMETICS AND PLASTICS  PACKAGING MATERIALS MANUFACTURING 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum          

PLANT ECONOMICS OF DISPOSABLE PLASTIC CUPS, GLASS ETC

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum           

PLANT ECONOMICS OF FLEXIBLE PACKAGING AND ROTOGRAVURE PRINTING

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

PLANT ECONOMICS OF FOLDING CARTONS/MONO CARTONS

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum                                                                                                                                                                        

PLANT ECONOMICS OF FOOD PACKAGING INDUSTRY

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum                                     

PLANT ECONOMICS OF JUTE BAGS AND PACKAGING PRODUCTS 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

PLANT ECONOMICS OF MONO CARTONS WITH PRINTING 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum                  

PLANT ECONOMICS OF PACCKAGED COCONUT WATER (COCO JAL)

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum            

PLANT ECONOMICS OF PACKAGED DRINKING WATER 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum               

PLANT ECONOMICS OF PAPER PACKAGING 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum             

PROJECT PROFILE  OF PILFER PROOF CAPS 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum                        

PROJECT PROFILE  OF POLY PACKS OF POLYETHENE FILM 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum                        

PROJECT PROFILE  OF POUCHES FILLING AND PACKAGING OF EDIBLE OIL & GHEE 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum                        

PROJECT PROFILE  OF PRINTED TIN CONTAINERS 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum                        

PROJECT PROFILE  OF PROCESSING AND RETAIL PACKING OF FOOD GRAIN PULSES, SPICES ETC.

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum                        

PROJECT PROFILE  OF RICE POLISHING AND PACKING

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum                        

PROJECT PROFILE  OF SUGAR CANE JUICE IN TETRAPACK

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum                        

PROJECT PROFILE  OF  TEA PACKAGING 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum                        

PROJECT PROFILE  OF THERMOCOLE BASED DISPOSABLE PLATES, CUPS AND GLASSES

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum