hand book of electroplating, anodizing and surface finishing technology

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HAND BOOK OF ELECTROPLATING ANODIZING & SURFACE FINISHING TECHNOLOGY

Principles of Electroplating

The Electro Chemical Series
Electrodeposition
Electrochemical Terms
Using a Copper Anode
Using an Inert Anode
Ionic Dissociation
Butters
pH of a Solution
Complex or Double Salts
Rate of Deposition
Faraday's Laws
Relation Between the Faraday & Mass of Metal Deposited
Current Efficienty
Anode Efficiency
Current Density
Calculation of Plating Times
Average & Minimum Thickness Values
Specification requirements
Polarisation
Cell Voltage
Anodes
Insoluble Anodes
Auxiliary & Internal Anodes
Bi-Polar Electrodes
Process Chart

Technology of Cleaning Pickling & Dipping

Preliminary Cleaning & Degreasing Solvent Cleaning
Common Solvents used in Metal Cleaning with Comparisons
Aqueous Neutral Detergent Pre-Cleaners
Mersol Soak Cleaner
Solution Composition
Solution Preparation
Operating Conditions
Operating Procedure
Ultrasonic Cleaning
Alkaline Cleaners
Hot Alkaline Cleaners
Classification of Metal Cleaners
Electrolytic Cleaning
Equipment for Hot Alkaline Cleaners
Oil Separation Units
Barrel Cleaning
Activax Cleaners
Equipment
Solution Concentration & Operating Conditions
Solution Preparation
Cleaning of Zinc Alloy Die Castings
Barrel Cleaning
Solution Maintenance
Solution Concentration & Operating Conditions
Solution Preparation
Cleaning of Zinc Base Alloy Die Castings
Cleaner 45
Equipment
solution preparation
Solution Concentration & Operating Conditions
Solution Maintenance
Multiklense
Anozyn
10-55 Cleaner
Operating Conditions
Emphax
Equipment
Operating Conditions
Zonax Metal Cleaner
Anodax Metal Cleaner
Kelco Cleaner
Solution Composition
Operating Conditions & Procedure
Maintenance of Metal Cleaners
Additions of Metal Cleaner
Pickling & Dipping
Choice of Pickling or Dipping Solution
Zonax Dry Acid Salt
Equipment
Solution Concentration & Operating Conditions
Sulphuric Acid Pickling
Solution Composition
Operating Conditions
Solution Maintenance
Hydrochloric Acid Pickling
Solution Composition
Operating Procedure
Skalene Pickle for Iron & Steel
Alkaline Deruster Salts
Addition Uses of Alkaline Deruster Salts
Equipment
Cyanide Free Solution for Rust Removal
Solution Composition
Treatment of High Tensile Steels
Spray Suppression
Effluent Treatment
Hydrofluoric Acid Pickling
Pickling of Magnesium Alloys
Pickling of Stainless Steel
Pickle Aid
Bright Dipping of Copper Alloys
Aqua Fortis Bright Dipping Acid
Bright Dipping Procedure
Chromic Acid Dip for Brass Copper & Its Alloys
Nitric Pree Bright Dip C22924 for Copper & Its Alloys
Barrel Pickling
Cyanide Containing Cleaners
Anodic Sulphuric Acid Etching or Iron & Steel
Acid Etching of Steel & Iron Before Heavy Deposition
Plating on Aluminium & Its Alloys
Standard Process Sequence for Electroplating on Aluminium & Its Alloys
Modification to the Standard Process
Dips & Rinses
Rinsing or Swilling
Scouring

Electrolytic & Chemical Processes for the Polishing of Metals

Electropolishing Solutions
Aluminium & Aluminium Alloys
Aluminium Electropolishing Solution
Electropolishing of Mechanically polished Aluminium Process
Stainless Steel
Process Sequence
Copper, brass & Nickel Silver
Process Sequence
Chemical Pokishing of Aluminium
Typical Operating Conditions
Procedure

Nickel Plating

Properties of Nickel
Decorative Finishes
Preparation of Nickel Plating Solutions
Purified Nickel Base Solution & Brighteners
Preparation of Nickel Solutions from Nickel Salts
Preparation of Nickel Solution from Individual Chemical & Brighteners
Purification of a New Solution
Acidity pH Control
Correction of Possible Operating Faults in Surfol Nickel Solution
Black Nickel
Nigrax Black Nickel Plating Solution
Solution Composition
Operating Procedure
Preparation of Lettered Name Plates
Dull Nickel Plating solutions
Preparation of Dull Nickel Plating Solution
Albo Nickel Solution
Nickel Plating Procedure
Immersion Processes for Zinc Base Die Castings

Chromium Plating

Preparation of Chromium Plating Solution
Decorative Chromium Plating Solutions
Typical Operating Conditions for Chromium Plating Solutions
Zonax Bright Chrome Solution
Analytical Standards
Chromium Plating Procedure
Plating Procedure
Processes After Plating

Hard Chromium Plating

Typical Operating Conditions for Hard Chromium Plating Solutions
Hard Chrome Solution
Plating Procedure
Treatment Prior to Hard Chromium Plating
Plating Conditions
Treatment After Deposition
Heat Treatment of Steels After Plating
Finishing Hard Chromium Deposits
Grinding of Hard Chromium Deposits

Copper Plating

Properties of Copper
Decorative Applications
Functional Applications
Copper Plating Solutions
Copper Solutions
Solution Composition
Operating Conditions
Cyanide Copper Solutions
Special Techniques Used in Printing Applications
Building up Copper
Cylinders
Skin Deposits
Cast Iron & Steel Cylinders
Aluminium Cylinders

Electroforming

Applications of Electroforming
Materials for Electroforming
Nickel Solutions
Nickel/Cobalt Alloy solutions
Copper Plating Solutions
Sodium High Sulphate Nickel Solution
Operating Techniques
Mandrels for Electroforms
Permanent Mandrels
Electroformed Nickel
Expendable Mandrels

Prass Plating

Decorative Brass Plating
Zonax Brass Solution for Decorative & General Plating
Plating Procedure
Barrel Brass Plating

Silver Plating

Properties of Silver
Applications
Plating Solutions
Rates of Deposition & Specification Requirements
Thickness of Deposit
solution Composition
Solution Preparation
Operating Conditions
Barrel Silver Plating & Zonax Silver Solution
Analytical Standards
Preparation of Articles for Silver Plating
Silver Strikes
Alternative Procedure Using Nickel Undercoat
Silvering By Immersion

Gold Plating (Gilding)

Properties of Gold
Application of Gold Plating
Rates of Deposition & Specification Requirements
Rates of Deposition of Gold Solution in Minutes
Gold Deposits & Solutions
Ultra Pure Gold Deposits
General Gold Plating Procedure
Traditional Gold Plating Practice (Gilding)
Stripping Gold Deposits
Electrolytic Process for Stripping Flux & Oxide from Gold

Cadmium Plating

Properties of Cadmium
Applications & Corrosion Resistance
Cadmium Deposits on Non Ferrous Metals
Cadmium Plating Solutions
Cadmium Plating Salts
Zonax Cadmium Plating Solution
Operating Conditions
Cadmium Solution for Barrel Plating
Analytical Standards
Kadamax High Speed Bright Cadmium Plating Solution
Equipment
Solution Composition
Operating Conditions
Cadmium Plating Procedure
Treatment After Cadmium Plating
Chromic Acid Dip
Stripping Cadmium Deposits
Correction of Paults in Cadmium Plating

Zinc Plating

Properties of Zinc
Applications & Corrosion Resistance
Specification Requirements & Rates of Deposition
Thickness Requirements for Zinc Deposits
Determination of Thickness of Zinc Deposit
Rate of Deposition
Zinc Plating Equipment
Zinc Plating Solutions
Cyanide Zinc Plating Solutions
Cyanide Zinc Plating Procedure
Cleaning & Preparation of Work
Treatment After Zinc Plating
Bright Zinc Plating
Dilute Nitric Acid Bright Dip

Tin & Tin Alloy Plating

Properties of Tin
Applications
Thin Plating Solutions
Rates of Deposition & Specification Requirements
Rates of Deposition
Deposit Specifications
Alkaline Stannate Tin Plating Processes
Zonax Stannic Plating Solution
Tin Alloy Plating
Tin Lead Alloy Plating
Equipment
Solution Composition
Operating Conditions
Rate of Deposition
Solution Maintenance
Special Techniques used in Printing Applications
Tin Zinc Alloy Plating
Equipment
Solution Composition
Operating Conditions
Rate of Deposition
Solution Maintenance
Special Techniques used in Printing Applications
Tin zinc Alloy Plating
Equipment
Solution composition & Preparation
Operating Conditions
Solution Maintenance
Chemical Passivation of Tin Zinc Deposit
Tin Nickel Alloy Plating
Tin Copper Alloy Plating
Bronze Plating Solution
Equipment
Solution composition
Operating Conditions
Rate of Deposition
Solution Maintenance
Analytical Standards

Plating for Electronics

Printed Circuits
Print & Etch Circuits
Specialist Processes for Printed Circuit Production
Etching
Finishing
Plated Through Hole Circuits
Additive Circuity
Gold Plating of Edge Connectors
65 Copper Etchant for Printed Circuit
Equipment
Solution Composition
Operating Conditions
Solution Maintenance
Analysis of 65 Copper Etchant
Copper Recovery
P.D. Activator for Printed Circuits
Solution Composition
Cuprasol PTH Copper Plating Process
PTH Tin/Lead Plating Solution
Dekote Pb/Sn 1

The Plating of Plastics & Other Non Metallic Materials

Plating on Plastics
Applications & Advantages
Properties of Plated Plastics
Moulding for Plating on Plastics
Simplas Process
Process Sequence
Equipment
Swilling or Rinsing
Cleaning
Pre Etch
Hot Alkaline Cleaner
Etching
Etch Composition for ABS Type Polymers
Etch Composition:for PP Polymers
Solution Preparation
Analytical Standards
Neutralising
solution Composition
Acceleration
Niplas Electroless Nickel
Equipment
Solution Composition
Operating Conditions
Electroplating on Electroless Nickel Plated Surfaces
Barrel Plating on Plastics
Corrections of Faults in the Simplas Process
Silvering
Spray Silvering
solution Composition
Operating Procedure
Sensitiser
Immersion Silvering
Electroplating on Silvered Surfaces
Special Techniques Used in Printing Applications
Metallising with Copper Bronze Powder
Preparation
Metallising
Electroplating
Polishing with Powered Graphite
Vacuum Evaporation & Electrical Sputtering

Anodic Oxidation of Aluminium

Surface Treatment of Magnesium
Anodizing Characteristics of Aluminium
Alloy Types
Applications of Anodising
Architectural Anodizing
Hard Anodising
Specification Requirements
Anodic Oxidation Processes
Properties of Anodic Films
Anodising Equipment
Electrical Equipment
Spray Suppression
Sulphuric Acid Anodising Solutions
Solution Composition
Solution Preparation
Operating Conditions
Analytical Standards
Sulphuric Acid/Oxalic Acid Anodising Solution
Chromic Acid Process
10% Chromic Acid Process
Anodising Procedure
Pretreatment Processes
Typical Anodising Sequences
Architectural Anodizing
Hard Anodising
Semi Hard Anodising
The Dyeing of Aluminium
Printed & Multi Coloured Anodising
Nickel/Cobalt Acetate Solution
Stripping Anodic Coatings
Tests for Anodic Films
Faults in Anodizing
The Surface Treatment of Magnesium
M.E.L.Fluoride Anodising Process
Equipment
Treatment After Anodising
Acid Chromate Solution
Equipment
Operating Procedure
Chrome Manganese Solution
Solution Composition
The RAE Solution for the Chromate Treatment of Magnesium
Process Sequence
Plated Finishes on Magnesium

Phosphating Processes

Applications
Types of Phosphate Coating
Surfaces to Which Phosphate Coatings May be Applied
Preparation of Surfaces for Phosphating
Specifications
Treatment of High Tensile Steels
Post Phosphating Treatments
Equipment for Phosphating
Immersion Phosphating Plant
Spray Phosphating Equipment
Phosphating Processes
Light Weight Iron Phosphate Processes
Heavy Zinc Phosphate Processes
Calcium Modified Zinc Phosphate Processes
Light Weight Zinc Phosphate Processes
Manganese Phosphate Processes
Phosphating Process Sequences
Pre Treatment Processes
Alkaline Cleaners
Spray Phosphating
Pickling & Derusting
Immersion Rack or Barrel Phosphating
Post Phosphating Treatments
Sealing Treatments
Descalers & Rust Removers
Oils & Lubricants
Aluminium Pre-Treatment
General Phosphating Information
Effluent Treatment

Manufacturers & Suppliers of Machinery & Equipments

Suppliers of Electroplating Chemicals & Materials

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