technology of gums, adhesives and sealants with formulations (hand book)

TECHNOLOGY OF GUMS, ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS WITH FORMULATIONS


INTRODUCTION

Thermoplastic Adhesives
Thermosetting Adhesives
Rubber Resin Blends

MECHANISM OF ADHESIVE BONDING

Surface
Bond Formation
Bond Properties

END USERS OF ADHESIVE

Uses in Construction Industry
Glued Floors, Wood Frames, etc.
Gypsum Board
Class Fibre Insulation
Insulation Board and Acoustical Tile
Concrete Adhesives
Panels
Wooden Doors
Vinyl Film Laminates
Caramic Tile Adhesives
Wall paper Pastes
Resilient Flooring
Carpet Installing Adhesives
Plastic Pipe Cement
Sealants
Uses in Packaging
Corrugated Board
Solid Fibre Laminated Board
Paper to paper Laminates
Cap liners
Case Sealing
Folding Cartons
Carton Sealing
Set up Boxes
Multi wall Bags
Grocery Bags
Speciality Bags
Gummed Tape
Foil Lamination
Paper to Film
Film to Film
Paper Cups
Envelopes
Paper Tubes
Fibre Cans
Fibre Drums
Bottle Labeling
Metal Can Labeling
Metal can Sealing
Uses in Textile Industry
Carpeting
Fibrefill
Bonding
Laminating
Flocking
Non woven
Uses for wood and furniture
Softwood Plywood
Wood Veneering
High Pressure Laminates
Furniture Assembly
Uses in Automotive Industry
Original Equipment
Market (OEM)
Vinyl Plastisol
Neoprene
Nitrile Rubber
SBR Adhesive
Asphalt based Sealants
Aftermarket
Safety Glass
Tyre Adhesives
Adhesives for Domestic and Office Uses
Polyvinyl Acetate
Library Pastes
Nonionic Type
Compounding
Typical Formulations

ACRYLIC ADHESIVES

Technology
Chemistry
Bonding Processes
Pressure Sensitive
Contact Bonding
Heat and Pressure Bonding
Vacuum Bonding
Wet Laminating Adhesives
Filled Adhesives
Engineering Adhesives
Chemistry and Technology
Radiation Curing
Application Processes
Current Uses

GUM ARABIC

Introduction
Production
Republic of the Sudan
Nigeria
Tanganyika
Morocco
British Somaliland and Abyssinia
South Africa
India
Australia
Miscellaneous
Type of Gum in the United States
Structure
Arabic Acid
Preparation
Properties
Degraded Gum Arabic
Derivatives of Arabic
Derivatives of Arabic Acid
Factors with Affect Viscosity
Concentration
Temperature
Electrolytes
pH
Aging
Mechanical Treatment
Ultrasonic Vibrations and Ultravilent  Irradiation
Other Physical Properties
Surface Tension
Freezing Point
Coacervation
Introduction
Gum Arabic Gelatin
Coacerates
Preparation of Coacervates
General Properties, Physical Appearance and composition
Effect of Temperature
Effect of pH
Reactions of Salts
Physical Phenomena
Uses of Gum Arabic Gelatin coacervates
Coexisting Coacervates
Other Coacervates
Chemical Properties
Chemical Reactivity
Solubility
Enzymes
Sepration and Identification of Gum Arabic
Isolation of Gum Arabic from Commercial Products
Systematic Analytical Scheme
Physical Confirmatory Tests
Chemical Comfirmatory Tests
Direct Tests for Gum Arabic in Some commercial Products
Uses
Foods
Adhesives
Paints
Inks
Lithography
Textiles
Miscellaneous
Introduction
Production
Source and Producing Areas
Agronomics
Purification
Grades
Uses
History
Mining Industry
Food
Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals
Paper Industry
Explosives
Explosives
Derivatives
Structure
Properties
Viscosity
Gels
Films
Adhesiveness
Miscellaneous

AEROBIC ACRYLIC ADHESIVE

Introduction
Second Generation Limitations
Cure Mechanisms
Anaerobics
Aerobic Acrylic Adhesives
Reactive acrylics
Properties and Performance
Aerobic Applications
Conclusion
Utraviolet Light Curing
Aerobic Acrylic Adhesive
Aerobic Acrylic Advantages
Curing Lights and Mechanisms
Bonding Categories
Light  Welding
Industrial Applications
UV Transparent Surfaces
Potting and Sealing
Design Considerations

ACRYLIC ADHESIVE AND SEALANTS

Introduction
Polymerization
Solution Polymerization
Emulsion Polymerization
Properties
Formulations and Applications
Adhesives for Paper Converting
Laminating aluminium foil to Paper
Laminating rigid or soft PVC film to Paper
Laminating polyester film to paper
Laminating high gloss films
Laminates of aluminium fail and paper with good resistance to heat and water
To paper coated with PVDC Delayed Tack Adhesive
Adhesives for Laminating
Laminating Plasticized PVC Film to Textiles
Laminating PVC film to particle board
Laminating plasticized PVC film to split Leather
High temperature and pressure lamination
Flocking Adhesives
A typical formulation for rigid PVC film is as follows
A typical formulation for impact polystyrene film as follows
A typical formulation for flocking electrically or chemically prefreatel polyethylene
Building Adhesives
Adhesivs for plasticized PVC floor tiles
Adhesives for ceramic tiles
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive
Flame Resistance & pressure Sensitive Adhesive
Acrylic Sealants

AMINO RESIN ADHESIVE

Manufacturing Technology
Urea Adhesive for Plywood
Urea Adhesive  for Particle Board
Advantages & Disadvantages of Urea Resin & Melamine Resin Adhesive
Spray Dried Melamine fromaldehyde Resins
Foundry Resin
Aniline formaldehyde Resin
Represents benzene ring
Sulfonamide
Fomnalodehyde Resin
Applications
Adhesives for corrugated fibre board
Particle Board adhesives
Adhesives for Hardwood plywood
Sand Core Binder
UF resin shell flour water Hardener
Fire resistance adhesives
Water proof Corrugated Board
Carrier portion
Secondary portion
Transparent adhesive
Compounding and formulation
Water proof Melamine adhesive

BONDING OF PLASTICS (ADHESIVE FOR PLASTICS)

Introduction
Solubility Parameter
Heat welding
Heat welding Dissimilar thermoplastic
Solvent Bonding/Cementing
Solvents
Surface to be Bonded
Solvents Index
Solvent Cement
Cementing of Dissimilar Thermoplastics
Adhesives Bonding
Thermoplastics
Monomer Phase
Aqueous Phase
Initiator
Thermosets
Epoxy Adhesives
Bonding of Foams
Adhesive for Lamination of Vinyl & cloth

CARBOXYLIC POLYMERS IN ADHESIVE

Introduction
Use in Adhesives
Carboxylic Elastomers as Metal to Rubber Adhesives
Carboxylic Elastomers in Adhesives for non Metallic Adherents
Carboxylic Elastomers as Metals to Metal Adhesives
Carboxyl Reactive Liquid Elastomers in Structural Adhesives
Carboxyl Elastomers in PSA Sensitive Adhesive
Carboxylic Functional Neoprenes as contact Adhesives
Adhesion with Non elastomeric Carboxyl Function Olefin Copolymers
Carboxylic Polymers in Hot melt Adhesives
Carboxyl functional vinyl copolymers resin in adhesive

CYANOACRYLATE ADESIVES

Introduction
Bonding with cyanoacrylates
Adhesive Properties
One Part
100 Percent Reactive
Rapid Cure
High Strength
Versatility
Solvent Resistance
Brittleness
Moisture Resistance
Heat Resistance
Gap Filling
Applications

EPOXY RESIN ADHESIVES

Adhesion
Cohesion
100% Solids
Low Shrinkage
Low Creep
Resistance to Moisture and solvents
Modification
Curing
Resistance to Temperature
Toxicity
Pot and shelf life
Cost
Chemistry
Epoxy Novolac Resins
Flexible Epoxy Resins
Epoxidized olefins
Speciality Epoxy Resins & Derivatives
Epoxy Esters of Rosin
Epoxy Esters of Styrenated Rosin
Epoxy Esters of Disproporionated Rosin
Epoxy Novolac Esters
Epoxy Ester of Maleopimaric Acid
Compounding
Curing Agents
Diluents
Modifiers
Flexibilizers
Fillers
Accelerators
Speciality Additives
Manufacture of Adhesives Formulations
General Purpose Adhesives
One Component Adhesive
Quick Cure Adhesive
Metal Metal Sealant
Room Temperature Curing Phenolic epoxy tape Adhesive
Tape Adhesive
Powder Adhesives
Concrete Adhesive
Glass Adhesive
Metal Glass Adhesive
Putty for Sealing

PHENOLIC RESIN ADHESIVE

Introduction
Resole Resin
Novolac Resins
Manufacture
Applications and Formulations
Contact Adhesive
Adhesive Compounding
Nitrile Phenolic Contact Adhesive
Structural Adhesive
Vinyl Phenolic
Epoxy Phenolic
Hot Melt Adhesives
Hot Melt Vinyl Film to wood Laminating Adhesives
Heat Resistant Hot Melt Adhesives
Hot Melt Adhesives for Polystyrene
Melt Adhesives for Polyethylene
Pressure Sensitives Adhesives (PSA)
Clear Laminating PSA

POLYCHLOROPRENE  ADHESIVES SOLVENT AND LATEX

Introduction
Types of Polychloroprene
Applications and Formulations
Sprayable Formulation
Sprayable Contact Adhesive
Applications
Polychloroprene Latex Adhesive
Latex Based contact
Adhesives Foam to Wood

POLYESTER ADHESIVES

Introduction
Linear Polycarbonates
Polymerized Oils
Alkyd Resins
Unsaturated Polyester Adhesives
Adhesive for flexible Printed Circuit
Allyl Eater Adhesives

POLYTHYLENEIMINE IN ADHESIVES

Introduction
Applications
General Adhesives
Tie Coat Adhesives

POLYSULFIDE SEALANTS AND ADHESIVES

Introduction
Polysulfide Sealants
Chemistry
Compounding
Curing Agent
Lead Dioxide accelerator paste
Retarder
Reinforcement
Adhesion Additives
Primers
Improved Heat Resistant
One Part Sealant
Applications sealants for Air Craft Industry
Sealants for Electrical
Potting
House Repair Compounds
Recommended Strating
Adhesives From Polysulfide Liquid polymer epoxy resin reactions
Applications
Stranight Epoxy Poly Sulfide Control Adhesive
Tensile Shear bond strength (PSI)
Shear Bond strength After 30 days drop immersion

POLYURETHANE ADHESIVES

Introduction
Types of Urethane Adhesive
Reaction Adhesives
Hydroxyl Polyurethane solvents
Polyurethane Dispersions
Formulations
Cyanabond textile adhesive

POLYURETHANE DISPERSIONS

Introduction
Applications
Foil to kraft Paper Laminate
Glass Plastisol
Vinyl Applications
Adhesion to Steel

POLYVINYL ACETAL ADHESIVES


Introduction
Properties
Structural Adhesives
Formulations
Hot Melt Adhesives
Applications
Wire Enamels
Surface Coatings
Metal Coating
Wood Sealer
Textile Coatings
Miscellaneous Applications

POLYVINYL ACETATE EMULSIONS AND POLYVINYL ALCOHOL FOR ADHESIVES

Introduction
Monomer
Polymerization
Emulsion
Adhesive Formulations
Polyvinyl Alcohol
Applications

RESORCINOLIC ADHESIVES

Introduction
Resorcinol Phenol
Formaldehyde Resins
Modified Resourcinol Resins
Aspects of Adhesion Mechanism
Formulation of Glue Mixers
Laminating

THERMOPLASTIC RESIN ADHESIVES

Introduction
Adhesives for Plywood
Asphalt or Bitumen Adhesive
Properties
Formulation
Photographic & Optical Lenses Adhesive
Coumarone  indene Resin Adhesives
Properties
Applications
Pressure Sensitive Tapes
Linoleum Cement
Coumarone indene Resin  Adhesive
Properties
Applications
Pressure Sensitive Tapes
Linoleum Cement
Coumarone Indene Resin Adhesives
Adhesives for linoleum
Surgical Dressing Adhesives
Moisture Vapour Resistants Film
Vinyl to Fabric Adhesives
Solution for Joining Cycle Tubes
Shoe Adhesive
Shellac Adhesives
Properties
Applications
Metal to Metal Adhesive
Cement for porecetain Sc China
Gum Arabic etc. Adhesives
Postage Stamp Adhesive
Water Resistant Glue
Cellophane Adhesive
Waxed Paper Glue

VINYL ACETATE ETHYLENE COPOLYMER EMULSION ADHESIVES

Introduction
Properties
Applications

BUTYL RUBBER AND POLYISOBUTYLENE  ADHESIVES

Introduction
General Compounding
Processing for Butyl Polymers
Applications and formulations
Self curing cement
Pressure sensitive  Adhesive
Pipe Wrap and Electrical Tape
Solvent Release sealing compound
Architectural sealing tapes
Automotive  Sealants
Insulated Window Sealant
Chemically curing insulated window sealant
Wax blends and hat mdt Adhesives
Rope form of hot melt Adhesive
Latex general purpose adhesives

NATURAL RUBBER AND RECLAIMED RUBBER ADHESIVES

Introduction
Natural Rubber
Reclaimed Rubber
Natural Rubber Grafted with Methyl Methacrvlate
Depolymerized Rubber
Self Adhesive Enveloped
Ceramic tile Adhesive (A)
Ceramic tile Adhesive (B)
Floor Tile Adhesive (C)
Leather Adhesive
Automobile Internal Trim
Food jar sealing Compound
Crown Cork Adhesive
General Purpose Pure gum Adhesive
Tufted carpet Adhesive and Backing
Adhesive Binder far non woven fabrics
Tufted Carpet Vulcanizing composition
Surgical Tape Adhesive
Industrial Pressure sensitive Tape
General Purpose Transparent Adhesive
General purpose Black Adhesive
General purpose black adhesive with better  heat resistance
Vinyl to Fabric Adhesive
Nitrile Rubber Phenolic resin tape formulation
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive
Structural Adhesives
Nitril Rubber Latex Adhesives

PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVES

Introduction
A typical pressure adhesive
Typical Pressure sensitive Acrylic Adhesive
Thermoplastic Tackifying resin Adhesive
Adhesive strip for automotive trim
EVA Trialkyl cyanuratecopolymer adhesive
Carboxylate polymer based adhesive
Fumaric Diester Vinyl Acetate polymer

RESIN FOR RUBBER BASED ADHESIVE

Introduction
Adhesive Components
Types of Rubber based adhesives
Solvent Cements
Latex cements
Mastics
Pressure sensitive adhesives
Hot melt adhesives
Function of resins in rubber based adhesives
Tack
Function of tackifiers
Emulsion Adhesives
Composition of resin emulsion

RUBBER ADHESIVES

Introduction
RFL Adhesives
Procedure
Aqueous Polyurea Adhesive
Polyester Tyre Cord Adhesive
Polyester fibre rubber bonding with polynucleus halophenol compound
Ethylene Propylene diene terpctymers
Polyamide rubber bonding
Styrene butadiene carboxylic acid latex and epoxy
Cobalt Naphthalene promoter
Rubber  to Metal Bonding Metal surface Preparation
Polymethylene Polyphenyl Isocyanate and chlorinated polyethylene
Polyurethane for rubber to rubber bonding Aromatic Nitro compounds as Additives
Glass fibre bonding
Direct bonding

STYRENE BUTADINE RUBBER ADHESIVES

Introduction
Properties of SBR in Adhesives
Formulation and Applications
Pressure sensitive Adhesives
PVC Adhesive tape
Box Board Adhesive
Sprayable Adhesives
Sealants and Caulks
Automotive Putty
Panel and Flooring Adhesive
Heat Resistant Adhesives
Spreading and Laminating Adhesives
Tyre cord Adhesives
Tuffed Carpet Adhesives
Packaging Adhesives
Fabric Adhesives
Curing Type
Non Curing type

SOYBEAN ADHESIVES

Introduction
Formulation of Adhesives
Water Resistance
Protein Modification
Microbial Degradation
Applications
Examples
Interior Plywood glue
Cheaper Glue for Soft Board Lamination
Hot Press Interior Plywood Glue
Method of application

STARCH ADHESIVES

Introduction
Unmodified Starches
Simple soda starch adhesive
Soda starch adhesive with borase
High strength adhesive
Paper Glue
Tapoica starch wood Adhesive
Label Adhesive for Vitreous Enamel and Porcelain
Paper to Glass Adhesives
Office use adhesives
Denser opeque & cheaper adhesive
Walt Paper Paste
Cheap Diluted Adhesive
Non weather proof corrugated Board Adhesive
1st Mixture
2nd Mixture
Final Mixture
Acid modified or thin boiling starch adhesive
Water resistant seam gums
Library Paste
Lay Flat paper Laminating Adhesive
Cartons or bags adhesive
Oxidised Starch Adhesives
Coating colour oxidised starch adhesive
Wood veneer adhesive
Good Glue
Dextrin based adhesive
Properties
Dextrine adhesive for photo paste
Boarx added dextrin ashesive
Quick setting  machine adhesive for sealing wrappers
Denser dextrine adhesive
Natural cone adhesive for coloured  papers
Library paste
Slow drying while paste
Clear white highly concentrated adhesive
Tube winding adhesive
Paper to glass adhesive non water proof
Kraft paper envelop gum
Envelop gum for envelop remoistenable front seal
Water resistant multiwall seam gum
Gummed Label Adhesive
Cork Label Adhesive
Denature Adhesive
Adhesive for bonding aluminium sheets
Envelop gum remoistenable front seal

ANIMAL GLUES

Introduction
Chemical composition
Manufacture of animal glues
Hide glues
Bone Glue
Properties
Preparation of Glue solutions
Liquid Animal glues
Formulation & Applications
Flexible book binding glue
Flexible paper box glue
Tin can label Glue
Water resistant glue
Water resistant glue
wood working glue
Labels and stamps glue
Methods of application

BLOOD ALBUMEN GLUES

Introduction
Solubility Categories
Properties
High water content plywood adhesive
Glue based on soluble blood
Interior plywood glue
Weather proof moldproft bond
Hot stached panel glue adhesive
Hardwood plywood solid & hottawcore flush door adhesive
Bood Soybean flour combinations
Law blood content dry glue competition
Mixing directions
High Blood content dry glue composition
Mixing directions
Other blood protein combination
Mold resistance
Application
Blood cold press glue

CASEIN GLUES AND ADHESIVES

Introduction
Properties
Classification of casein glues and adhesives
Water resistant casein lime glue
Emulsion type casein glue  adhesive far plywood leather  & Fabric
Casein blend glues
Lime free casein adhesives
Dry powder formulation
Applications
Casein adhesives for bonding paper
Foil to paper laminating
Casein paste for labelling
Other paper bonds
Casein adhesive for binding dissimilar materials

FISH GLUES

Introduction
Manufacturing process
Properties
Applications & Formulations
Rubber to steel
Strawboard to steel
Rubber or cork to plywood
Paper to steel
Straight lime gluing
water proof Fish glue

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES

Adhesive Tape Machinery
Chemical plant machinery
Storage Tanks
Boilers Industrial
Evaporators
Stirrers Chemical
Adhesive Applying Machinery
Adhesion Tester
Adhesives  Mixer
Adhesives Dispensers
Adhesive Pumps
Gumming Machinery
Coating Machinery
Label Printing Applying Machiery

SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS

Sodium Hydroxide
Borax
Urea Formaldehyde Resins
Dextrin
Glycerin
Neoprene Rubber
Tolvene
Methylmethacrylate
Zinc Oxide
Calcium Carbonate
Antioxidants
Phenolic Resins
Magnesium Oxide
Hexane
Fillers Chemical
Rosin
Thickeners
Gelatine
Starches
Casein
Acrylic Acid
Ethylene Oxide
Plasticisers
Defoaming Agents
Caustic Soda
Pigment Dispersions
Boric Acid
Formaldehyde
Hardeners Epoxy Resin
Phosphoric Acid
Ethyl Acetate
Ammonium Chloride
Sulphur
Butyl Acetate
Nitrile Rubber
Epoxy Resins
Sulphur Dioxide
Fumedsilica
Carbon Black
Shellac
Titanium Dioxide
Alumina
Iron Oxide
Calcium Oxide
Wax
Silica
Stearic Acid
Maleic Anhydride
Polybutene Resins
White Oil
Talc
Clay
Surfactants
Benthonite
Gypsum
Cyclohexanol
Aromatic Oil
Isoprene
Resorcinol
Zinc Dust
Xylenes
Wood Rosin
Copper Sulphate
Hydrated Lime
Zinc Chloride
Hydrochloride Acid
Sodium Bicarbonate

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